Kozol’s Savage Inequalities

Jonathan Kozol was born in 1936 in Massachu machinatets. Throughout his life, he has been extremely wide awake in public issues. He spent several(prenominal) t to each championing in public shoals, fighting against the inequalities there, but in any case fighting for the civil rights ride and equality for every(prenominal), despite race or ethnicity. Most of the civilizes Kozol taught at were inner-city schools, confusable to the ones he writes close in his allow (www.wikipedia.com).Kozols purpose in composition the book was to expose the gigantic inequalities that be present in todays schools. He provided a snapshot of galore(postnominal) distinct focal points schools are unequal patronage, teacher quality, school environment, materials, and more. He profiled several distinct schools, in articulationicular, inner-city Chicago schools and suburban Chicago schools ( forward- musical noteing Trier), to show the commodious differences in every aspect of these schools , and the effects that these differences had on the students.Kozol also think to show the multitude of different issues that went into creating the problem, such as deprivation of funding, lose of materials, lack of quality teacher, political laziness or outright backup (towards inner-city schools), parent misinformation (or lack of information), lack of parental education and knowledge about the system, and more. These differences all account for why the schools are so vastly different silver is not the lone(prenominal) problem and simple resultant role.Kozol accomplished his purpose. As one is reading the book, one is filled with shock, horror, and indignation at the vast inequities that exist in the schools. One concomitantly telling section is his exemplar of the kindergarten students, who Kozol describes as bright and longing to learn, even in the inner-city. However, these kids who catch every ability to learn are given some materials and poor teachers, and they hand out to thrive.This failure, he explains, results from the education system failing them, and not from their own lack of anything. He clearly illustrates the unfairness of the school system, and proposes some interesting solutions. In the kindergarten family unit in one of Kozols examples, there are no pictures on the wall, there are ancient textbooks, there are few toys to play with, and there is a teacher who is almost too devolve to care. The teacher knows that whatever happens, many of these students depart drop out of gamy school, and many of those will land in jail. The teacher does not count that she can make a difference, even though at this age, with the students eager and primarily well-be eat upd, she could.The purpose was well accomplished because of Kozols many examples. The government agency he used the case studies was especially interesting. In the case of New Trier, the parents were unwilling to tax themselves at a high rate, but their income and home va lues were so high that they will had plenty of cash. Therefore, the school had glorious class offerings, facilities, teachers, and students. In poorer territorial dominions, like Lawndale, parents taxed themselves as much as they could, and they save couldnt afford to have true school buildings, new-sprung(prenominal) materials, and good teachers. This difference in personality and attitude of the people in the district further illustrates Kozols point.In addition, Kozol highlights the sheer environment differences in the schools. In the suburban districts, teachers come in everyday, on time or they are pillow slip to discipline or cosmos fired. He quotes one principal in an inner-city school as saying I take everything that comes through the door, which elbow room that teachers who are absent more often than not, or who show up a couple hours late everyday alleviate have jobs. These environments pose a complete lack of caring on the part of the teachers.This is at least in part because the teachers genuinely believe they cannot make a difference. Many know that most of the students will drop out of school and end up in prison, illiterate, and with no job or a poor job. many teachers even see this effect as positive, stating that the kids who truly care remain in school until graduation. However, this is a terrible way to think about students, and only perpetuates the situation.Also, the suburban schools tend to be newer, bright lit, with plenty of classrooms and bathrooms and decorations. The urban schools are lucky to have one operative bathroom that isnt clean, dark windows, and a building that is falling apart(predicate) around them. In some cases, urban schools have extremely overcrowded classrooms, no working bathrooms, no libraries, no computers, no decorations, and are extremely depressing. Students dismay skipping school at a young age merely to invalidate these circumstances.Kozol also discusses the attitudes of the law makers. Ma ny refuse to spend more coin on these failing schools because it would, in their estimation, be like pouring bullion into a black hole. In other words, useless. This goes to show that government officials are not doing anything to solve the problem in fact, they often are the problem, by refusing to believe that anything could change. Their lackadaisical attitude exacts to turn around quite an than rewarding the students who are already succeeding, they should attempt to help the students who struggle, who will only turn around if the law makers bring to do their job and urge for all students.The section on Corla Hawkinss class was particular interesting. In it, Kozol illustrates one of the bright spots in otherwise terrible inner-city schools. Ms. Hawkins is a unique teacher who cares about her students, who makes sure they come to school, who forces them to respect her and each other. She spends a lot of her own money on supplies for the classroom, including a set of encyclo pedias. She assigns homework everyday in order to promote responsibility.She sits the students in teams at groups of desks, and has them teach each other the lessons. Her emphasis nub that students in her class succeed much more than the average student in the school. Ms. Hawkins also teaches the students all-important(a) social skills. She doesnt give grades at all in the first quarter she gives team grades in the second she gives pair grades in the third she gives individual grades in the fourth. In this way, she teaches the kids to learn before being competitive about grades, and then to help one another and succor more than compete. Later, she teaches the students to look out for themselves.One of the unfortunate problems with this is that these students will have one year of excellent teaching, and then will go back to the veritable(prenominal) way that things are in inner-city schools, meaning that their chances of success are still jolly low overall. It also gives the stu dents as taste of what could have been, which means that overall, one good teacher doesnt change anything.The best solution is to correct the problem by changing the way the schools are financed. quite of refusing to put money into the schools, politicians should be eager to put more money into them, enough to build new buildings (or improve the current ones) and to hire truly qualified teachers. If that occurs, change will begin at the bottom levels, as students come in and find teachers with higher expectations, and materials to support learning. People need to stop being completely hopeless about these schools and these students and start adult them what they need. Without the proper materials and quality teachers, there is no way that students will care, or learn.In some states, school funding is done in an unconstitutional way. In fact, in most states, schools are funded at least in part by property taxes. This offers an immediate inequity, since poorer areas, like inner-city areas, will automatically have lower property values, and therefore, less money for schools. A new funding plan that distributes money more equally, or based on need, is in order. A suburban school with already current materials, computers, and new buildings does not need as much money as an inner-city school with of age(predicate) materials, no technology, and a crumbling building.Currently, the thinking in education is to give money to the students and districts who are already winners. Money is allotted as a scratch for success. This value needs to change, so that money is given based on need, because the value is success and opportunity for everyone, not just for the privilege few.Reading this book changes ones view on the way schools are handled in this country. It seems perfectly fair to grow up in a privileged district, and to go into education as someone who wants to continue that tradition of excellence. However, confronting the problems that cheek many schools today s hows that education is not perfect, and not every school or student is nearly as lucky as some.This new realization will change the way a person looks at being an administrator. Perhaps, instead of fighting for every dollar for a particular schools excellent AP program, one would choose to distribute that money to districts who do not have things they need. Or, instead of purchasing new textbooks much and getting rid of the old ones, one might choose to deal new textbooks for another school, or to donate older (but still fairly recent) ones to a school in need.Also, when it comes to making policies, one might choose to consider what is best for all students, rather than only a pocket-sized group. Many of the students in a poorer district do not have anyone to advocate for them. Their teachers and politicians mostly will not, and their parents may not know how to. Some people in their district, and some of the students themselves, may not even verbalise English. An administrator f rom any district may be able to balk up and fight for them. If enough administrators begin to value equality in education (and separate is not equal, whether it is separated by race or social class), changes will begin to occur.This book is a very eye-opening look at the reality of schools today. It is an important thing to realize not all schools are equal. Many students are suffering because of the lack of opportunity their schools provide, in the long run setting them up for near certain failure. The only way this will change is if educators stand up and fight for change, and an educator who has not intimate about these inequalities will not be able to stand up and fight. Every educator should know what is really going on.This book comes exceedingly recommended. Kozol goes into the schools and paints vivid pictures of what the schools are actually like. Hes not writing from a high horse or a strictly faculty member perspective. He is showing what the day to day realities ar e for so many students. He is high-lighting the problems in a completely real-world way. Kozols book is an important one in the field, and one that everyone should read.BibliographyKozol, Jonathan. Savage Inequalities.Jonathan Kozol. Wikipedia, the online encyclopedia. Accessed November 10, 2006. Website http//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jonathan_Kozol.

Joe Gransden Jazz Jam Essay

In the recent course of music, it is evident that changes and development ar present. The variety of genres had expanded which led to the arrival of brand new stock certificate of artist that is able to represent various entities and cultures. moreover one of the genres which be developing is tell apart. For many years, distinguishable whop musicians be present. In the on-going state of music, it is clear that music is flowing. delinquent to such realization it is demand as a researcher to see a jazz means to fully see the development of music as well as the instrumentation of the bind.More so, the researcher shall provide details to which different harmings of rumination during the per systema skeletaleance of Joe Gransden Quartet Jazz Jam. The Joe Gransden Quartet Jazz Jam is a pigeonholing which is composed of different individuals who are actively performing different types of instrumentations. The most important instrument is the trumpet which is usually utilize d in e real song of the band. The band is greatly utilizing instruments rather than a outspoken instrument. There is a satisfying sound of the base and drums and the cello which highlighted by the shallow sound by different instruments with a lighter sound.More so, the whole set which was played by the band were all discharge with different instruments which add drama and emotions with the songs. Definitely the whole band is very great for they are able to present their craft and attain a response from the audience. For the band is jazz, the audience is calm and very appreciative of the music. Due to the excellence o the band, it is inevitable that the audience will be entertained and amused on how individuals could utilize music as a form of emotional and artistic perspective.On the other hand, attending such contrive is similar to drinking a cold glass of water. Such kind of band is refreshing to the ears and to the soul. The music of the band and their musicality is unquestion able. Moreover, the excellence of distributively member in their instruments does not need any improvement. The association of for each one instrument is in line with each other. Upon this, the researcher sees that the Joe Gransden Quartet Jazz Jam is a unique band which does not present that jazz is a genre which is unlike any other.The presentation is highly important in the perspective of the researcher. The instruments and the notes are learning to the classical music which is usually done in operas. More so, the instrument was playing a large role in its own unique way. All the instruments were complementing each other. Therefore, the instruments are all highlighted in their own way. Looking at the perspective of the fly acts, it is slightly evident that each of the musicians has their own flare in providing a different style in playing the instrument.In addition to this, the superstar of the band Joe Gransden is an important player in the band. For he leads the whole gro up towards his visions, he is allowed the most pristine individual in the group. Although most of the musicians in the group is great in their on instruments, it is through the vision and familiarity of Joe Gransden that the group have gone to the levels and acknowledgement of the press and the audience. Moreover, the whole band was a breath of fresh air for the audiences who are interested

Becoming Yourself from the Short Story the Secret Lion

English 102 14September2012 Becoming Yourself Alberto Alvaro Rios short composition The deep Lion, captures the spirit of a coming-of-age written report between childhood and adolescence through the eye of two boys, presumably from a lower-class Latino background. Through the theatrical role of various symbols, the theme of change is made app arnt through the first-person, nameless bank clerk. The use of this narrator is w don shapes the flooring and the lessons learned indoors.Due to the authors superior of c arful consultation construction within the unnamed narrator, the reader faces a significant amount of emotions and reactions within a very brief, yet make short story. The usage of the first-person point of view immediately presents the narrator to be a round tone, due to the intimate opportunities the style of writing provides for manufacturing writing. Although we do non know the narrators name, due to the news report style the interview can relate to the stori es and experiences the shell reference has.We know how the character feels inwroughtly quite often, which is iconic of the round fictional character. For example, we are provided internal insights that only a round character would allow the audience the probability to discover. For example, the character reveals how he felt personally abandoned somehow when describing younger high take (Rios 201). We also discover a lot nigh the characters personality through the actions and habits mentioned in the story. The following rush exemplifies a traits only a round character could have .. hat we would do down there was shout every dirty boy we could think of, in every combination we could come up with, and we would telephone about girls, and all the things we wanted to do with them. (Rios 201) This reveals that the narrator and his friend Sergio are going through a hormonal, rebellious stage where new sensations and impulses produce what pretty much most junior high student mal es experience. Since he is a round character, the reader has a stronger connection with him, and ultimately go forth reap the moral of the story the author wanted to provide.Feature hold The Plane of the Sleeping Beauty AnalysisDue to the usage of the round character, the narrators pauperizations are very apparent. The motivations explain why the character is doing what he is doing. If the narrator was a flat character, the context of growth the two boys experience within their travels would be lost, and the story would lose an immense amount of what makes it so compelling. For example, without revelations of the motivations the character speaks of, then the story would be more or less unspoilt two boys simply walking around outside the desert, arriving to a play course, and leaving.The passage revealing what the children did to protect their treasured metal ball states We came up with the answer. We turn over a hole and buried. And we marked it secretly. Lots of secret signs We dug up the whole bank, and we never found it again. (Rios 202) Without knowing that they were trying to report this discovery and cherished item and then return to search for it, the audience would be left wondering exactly why these two children are digging up holes on an entire bank in the place of an arroyo. Also, his motivations real why the character does what he does in terms of story progression.Without motivations, there would be no engaged plot with a wage hike action, climax, falling action, and resolution, rendering this work just a series of nonmeaningful anecdotes. Because we know the background of the character as a middle school student itching to discover life, we can understand why he and Sergio leave adventuring to the arroyo and head to the mountains in the first place (Rios 205). They wanted to demote out what the adults, specifically his mother, were keeping from them first hand all because she told them not to worry about lay on the other side of the pa ss.Their motivation and intrigue to discover what secret they had been missing out on direct them to ultimately discover their version of heaven (the golf course) and ultimately the impermanency of life and change is inevitable. Due to the characters said discovery that change is the only the thing that is permanent, makes him a dynamic character. He goes from existence a curious, innocent naive boy at the graduation exercise of the story who found magic in matters that were familiar to the realization that some things you get by can e taken away from you, and that sadly, the grass is some metres greener on the other side of the fence. This is revealed in the penultimate paragraph when the boys who had dug up the entire mound looking for their new treasure at the beginning of the story didnt look so hard for it the second time (Rios 204). This newfound peace and bridal that things get taken away is what makes the character dynamic without the narrator would have not learned an ything, been a inactive character, and the reader would have been left with an uncertainty no successful fiction author wishes to convey.Ultimately, the unnamed narrator in The Secret Lion drives the story with his well-said first person point-of-view. Due to the choices the author made when giving the character his traits of being a round, dynamic character, the storys themes of change and acceptance are successfully conveyed. Works Cited Rios, Alberto Alvaro. The Secret Lion. Literature Reading, Reacting, Writing. Ed. Laurie G. Kirsner and Stephen R. Mandell. United States Uhl, 2013. 201-205. Print.

By Reference to three poems in the ‘Tracks’ anthology Essay

In the verses non My Best fount, Reports, and You Will Be hear From Us Shortly, U.A Fanthorpe researchs the theme of confidence through the very much satirical analysis of her observations and experiences at bottom society. Fanthorpe procedures her poetry as a instruction of expressing her whole toneings and views, and we finish learn a great kettle of fish or so her attitudes towards post by culture and analysing the trio verses chosen. Each poem gives a dissimilar grammatical construction of the elbow room ascendence affects tidy sum, and it becomes go past when reading the poems Fanthorpes belief in the ability of power and authority to foil stack who possess it, and suppress people under it.In the setoff poem, Not My Best Side, Fanthorpe uses parody to look at the course people ar stereotyped by authority according to their sexual pr pieceice or status, and ch e truly(prenominal)enges their conventional representation within society. She keep ups in doing so by taking three separate characters (each represented by a different stanza), and giving them rattling different mortalalities and characteristics to what typical society would expect, and, indeed, what authority has oblige upon them.Fanthorpe used Uccellos painting of St George and the Dragon as a witness of inspiration I thought it might be pastimeing to reckon voices for characters conventionally recoern as near(a), bad or helpless. Fanthorpe chose this painting because it portrays novelological characterisations very cl azoic, and Fanthorpe wished to challenge these typical fairytale stereotypes. Fanthorpe has attempted to emphasise a lodge that authority does non allow enough individuality and simply expects people to con recoil to pre-conceived opinions of how some i should be consent, based on their gender or the identify society has laid them in.The poem begins with the conventionally bad character, the Dragon, speaking. In this weaken of the poem Fanthorpe attempts to show the dragon as an articulate and deriveing character, as opposed to the fierce and evil character that he is traditionally evaluate to be.The dragon bets to be upset about the course he is shown in Uccellos painting, as he imagines that he has been portrayed in such a stylus as to gather him seem weak and intimately conquered.Why, I said to myself, should my conquerorBe so ostentatiously s sacrificed?The dragon feels that he has been made to look inferior to the very young- sounding St George by Uccello, in order for the painting to portray the traditional idea that good (St George) always triumphs over evil (the dragon). However, in this poem, the dragon appears to be a considerate, caring character, and in no way evil. He seems to take aim accepted the position that he has (unfairly) been stereotyped as bad, plainly is upset that in addition to existence shown by Uccello as evil, he has overly been shown to be defenceless.I dont mind en dRitually, since I always rise again,But I would give way c ar a junior-grade to a greater extent blood,To show they were taking me seriously.The dragon is of the opinion that he has been unfairly represented in this painting, as his character has been conquer in all aspects of his character. He wasnt even shown to affirm a dramatic death, and there was little to blood to signify the defeat of such a (supposedly) malicious character.Although upset, the dragon realises that he has no opinion in the way he is portrayed in the painting, or in position the consentaneous of society, and therefore concedes to the pressure that has been placed on him to be the conventionally bad character.Poor chap, he has this obsession withTriangles, so he leave(a) off two of myFeet. I didnt com handst at the time,(What, after all, argon two feet to aMonster?)Despite the fact that Uccello left off two of his feet was because the art at the time of the painting was experimenting with mechanic al drawing in 3D, and the dragons feet were left off by accident, Fanthorpe modishly uses the mistake to postulate a very valid point that and the character (the dragon in this case) is in actuality, the characterisations that atomic number 18 placed on them by authority atomic number 18 still always prioritised when people atomic number 18 judging the mortal, causing their individuality to be lost.The attached character Fanthorpe chooses to explore is that of the stereotypically helpless character, the fore approximately. In Uccellos painting, she is depicted as a pale-faced, frail, damosel in distress. However, in Fanthorpes poem, these perceptions are totally contradicted. The housemaid appears to be a very independent, pro-active, calculating individual.The maiden begins her monologue by stating that she does not actually want to be deliver, breaking the stereotype immediately. At the time that Uccello painted this image, women were highly pressured within society to marry the person they were made to marry. However, in this poem, the maiden seems to prefer the dragon to St George.Its saturated for a girl to be sure ifShe wants to be rescued. I think of I quiteTook to the dragon.The fact that the maiden would have the audacity to collapse a democracyment like this would be shocking, as women in medieval society were expected to conform to the instructions they were given.Fanthorpe also uses sexual intimation as a way of showing that the maiden is not as innocent as she appears.He made me feel he was all ready toEat me. And either girl enjoys that.By using this, Fanthorpe draw offs a statement that the apparently virgin maiden is not actually as innocent as Uccello cave ins her appear to be, and that women have as much even out to sexual freedom and free thought as men do, and are not as nave or helpless as authority would like to make them.The utmost part that Fanthorpe chooses to make in this stanza is that the maiden is very indepen dent and focused on her future. Although the thought of be rescued by the young St George is not a desir subject one and only(a), she still agrees to him rescuing her, as she knows that the farsighted term prospects of going with St George outweighed the ones of staying with the dragon.The dragon got himself beaten by the boy,And a girls got to think of her future.By showing the pro-active attitude of the maiden, Fanthorpe accentuates the fact that women can be as manipulative and as independent as men, and that they are not simply trophies for men, but in make outigent, business minded people. Although she prefers the dragon, she concedes to being rescued by St George, not because she want to be with him, but because she feels it would change her to achieve this she could not with the dragon.Despite conventionally bein portrayed as a brilliant individual, and the patron saint of England, in the closing stanza of this poem, St George appears far from a saintly figure. Fanthorpe has chosen to make St George arrogant and inconsiderate. In doing this, Fanthorpe reveals her own deprecative voice, and emerges as a highly feminist character.St George appears, from the start of his monologue, as very puerile and boastful.My horse is the latest model withAutomatic transmission and construct inObsolescence.St George makes a big deal of showing off his state of the art gadgets, showing how important he is. I feel Fanthorpe has include this because she wanted to emphasise the fact that men often adopt an vain attitude over women, and flaunt their superiority by the amount of mercantile possessions they have.As we continue to read the stanza, St Georges attitude changes from that of exhibition to one of arrogance and selfishness. He believes that his inferiors should conform to the roles that they have been given to them in society. arrogatet you want to be killed and/or rescuedIn the most contempory way? DontYou want to carry out the rolesThat sociology and myth have designed for you?By including this, Fanthorpe has succeeded in proclaiming the fact that men are seen as the absolute authority when it comes to judging how a person should act or behave within society, and men have gradually genic the attitude of superiority over women, which will take a long time to rectify.The poem ends with an emphatic statement of Fanthorpes perception of mannish attitudes towards women. St Georges real, self-centered personality is revealed when he ends his monologue with these words.What, in any case, does it matter whatYou want? Youre in my way.Fanthorpes opinion of men in societal authority is truly revealed in these last(a) lines. St George is only if interested in his image, and he gives no consideration for the other characters in the poem (the maiden and the dragon), and he simply wants to increase his reputation. This point can be related to wider society, where men will not listen to the opinions of women, and do not consider their ideas, as they are not seen as worthy of a voice.Quintessentially, Not My Best Side is a poem that has been indite in order to make the point that societal authoritys expectations do not allow individuality, as people are placed under so much pressure to comply to the particular parameters force upon them, involuntarily, by factors out of anyones control, such as gender.Similarly to Not My Best Side, the poem You Will Be Hearing From Us Shortly explores the theme of authority. However, in this instance, U.A Fanthorpe chooses to ridicule the process of attending a job oppugn. She uses this setting to challenge the authority of the consultation panel to make try outments about peoples lives based on prejudices or pre-conceived ideas. The gloss of the poem, You Will Be Hearing From Us Shortly immediately indicates that the applicant failed to get the job because the say is clichd as a civilised let down at the end of an interview. In my opinion, this phrase may also have been placed a s the title of the poem because Fanthorpe is attempting to show the reader that the nominee was not going to be successful in getting the job, no matter how successful the interview went. The poem is an on-going monologue, with new stanzas get-go after the response of the applicant.From the stolon of the poem, it become clear that the interview panel possess a range of prejudices towards the candidate. These appear to have already influenced the panel enough for them to decide that the applicant is not desirable for the job, and it seems as though the interview is being carried out simply as a formality, which must(prenominal) be endured by the applicant.It is evident that the candidates answers are seen as insignificant by the interviewing panel from the very beginning, as their response to the panels questions are not included. I believe Fanthorpe has done this to show that the candidate is voiceless when in an interview, and to display the pointlessness of interviews, when the outcome has been decided before the interview even takes place. The only way we have of knowing the answer to the interviewers questions are by do an educated guess from the response of the panel, which, in most cases, is a single, spiritless phrase such asAh or indeedIt is clear that the interviewers have no interest in the persons justifications for why they are suitable for the job they simply make impertinent comments on the education displayed on their application form.Let us consider your application formThis quote from the poem shows the disinterest in the actual person, and more interest on their class, gender, and other factors displayed on their application form.The panel spend little time discussing the candidates impressive qualifications, and almost immediately moves on to focus on the negative aspect of them, and their possible use within the job for which the applicant is applying. The candidate is asked to justify the use of their qualifications very early i n the interview.Would you care to defend their the applicants qualifications relevance?This would succeed in belittling the applicant, particularly when the interviewers response to their well though out answer is a sceptical indeedAfter the polite, (if inhospitable) beginning to the job interview, the meeting soon descends into a personal battering of the applicants self esteem by the authoritative figure of the interviewer. The low matter the interviewing panel broaches is the age of the applicant.Perhaps you feel able to make a comment about that,Too? We are conscious ourselvesOf the carry for a candidate with preciselyThe right degree of immaturityThese comments, although crystalized by the authoritative figure, succeed in alienating the candidate, and forcing them into assent. We can tell that the interviewee has been pressured into agreeing with the panel from the interviewers response after the applicants unheard comments.So glad we agreeThis indicates that the interviewin g panel has repressed the candidate so much that they have simply begun to agree with the rhetoric statements made by the interviewer. Fanthorpe has included this to show that in wider society, authority influences people to conform to its rules and ideas, and does not allow free though or speech. Also, Fanthorpe has arisen the point that authoritative figures contumely the power they have been given, and this leads to corrupting the individual in possession of the power.In the next stanza, the interviewer reveals another prejudice that of the looks of the applicant. The panel is very rude during this stanzaYou do appreciate this work involvesContact with the actual public? Might they,Perhaps, check your appearanceDisturbing?This reveals the blunt, inconsiderate temperament of the interviewing panel, and, in Fanthorpes opinion, the whole of society. The interviewing panel has succeeded in making the candidate feel small, simply because of the way they are, and I believe that Fant horpe is trying to illustrate a point that sexism, racism, ageism and other prejudices succeed constantly in repressing often worthful members of society into conforming to authoritys ideals.In the next stanza, the interview panel seem to fire a barrage of questions at he applicant about their background, particularly their accent. Fanthorpe uses the clever technique of making one of the interviewers accidentally use the wrong phrase, to deliver a highly stinking insult.Were you educated? We stiff, of course,Where were you educated?This is a comical way of accentuating the prejudice the interview shows when choosing a suitable candidate to take the job. The accent an applicant has simply influences the choice a lot, although in actuality, the accent of a person has no effect on their intelligence. The panel were evidently considering the reactions of people using their go with, who may think that they employ people of a lower intellect, which would make the company look sub-stan dard. This shows the way that people within society automatically judge others on the way they speak, as the panel simply assumed the candidate had little education because of their accent.In the final stanza, the interview descends yet promote into a sequence of offensive statements. The rhetoric questions have ceased, and the true nature of an interview, in Fanthorpes eyes, is revealed a pointless meeting aimed purely at belittling the applicant, and enforcing authoritys stance on society. In this stanza, it becomes implicit in(predicate) that the candidate is female, as the interview panel focus strongly upon family background.Married, children,We see. The coarse dubiousDesire to perpetuate what had kick downstairsNot have happened at all.The fact that the candidate was asked about her family would tend to indicate that the applicant is female, as the panel would then begin to worry about the children, and whether they would train looking after. This may be a problem for the company.The panel are also rude to the applicant in this part of the poem, as they insinuate that they cannot understand why the applicant would even consider having children, when, in fact, it would be better for the world if the candidate had never been born.The poem ends emphatically, with the satirical statementAnd you were born-?Yes. Pity.This is a witty use of word play by Fanthorpe. The interviewer is actually petition when the applicant was born, but in the absence of any dialogue, it seems as though the interviewer is saying that it is a pity that the candidate was born. With this final stanza, particularly the final line, I feel Fanthorpe is attempting to make a point that authoritative figures are of the opinion that anybody who does not fall within their ideals should not even exist.In conclusion, the poem You Will Be Hearing From Us Shortly is a poem aimed at bringing into relief the discrimination that has been ingrained into society. Fanthorpe is attempting to make a point that certain people, particularly women, are considered as useless, and are seen as undeserving of a voice within society by authoritative figures. She successfully proves that people of authority exploit the power they have over the masses, by belittling them, and repressing them to such an extent that they are forced to conform. Authority makes judgement on people not by the way they are individually, but base their judgements on factors that are not, in actual fact, of any relevance.In the poem Reports, Fanthorpe offers yet another aspect to the role of authority and the way authoritative figures exploit people within society. In this instance, the poem is a simulated conversation between an older, more experienced instructor, and a newer teacher, focusing on the correct way to save up a school report.Fanthorpe has deliberately written the report very cynically, in an attempt to portray authoritative figures as cold and impersonal. In the final stanza, the poem adopts a tone of irony, when Fanthorpe compares the reports we receive at school to the way we live our lives. Being a former teacher herself, Fanthorpe would have cognize the perils of report writing, and likewise would have known the attitudes that some teachers take towards who they see as their inferiors, the pupils. Fanthorpes reason for leaving the teaching profession was that I saw that the power was having a negative effect on me. This shows Fanthorpes negative opinions on the authority that teachers have, and the way some of them abuse it.The poem contains several short stanzas, using short, snappy phrases, which all make a separate point. In the first of these, there is a fundamental admonition to teachers about the language they should use. The teacher writing the report is apprised to use dull phrases so that the report does not generate any outcaste interest or complications from parents.Dont give them anythingTo take try for of. EvenPronouns are dangerous.The teacher is b eing warned not to use pronouns because the teacher may mistake the gender of the pupil, therefore exposing the teachers overleap of knowledge of individual pupils essentially, the report could be given to any student.The next stanza focuses on the impersonal nature of the reports once again, when Fanthorpe implies that the good pupils are not necessarily known from the bad.The good have no history passing(prenominal) should satisfy them.This stanza is included, I feel, to illustrate the fact that the good students are often ignored while the teacher is attempting to control the more disobedient pupils. This would mean that the teacher would have very little knowledge of the pupil, and therefore would not know, in actual fact, whether the pupil was good or not. The teacher is advised, preferably of using good, to use a more universal phrase satisfactory. By using safe phrases such as this, teachers agree themselves from provoking high expectations from parents and higher authorit ies.Stanza 3 makes another point about the way reports are depersonalised by the teachers. The teacher writing the report is advised to use ground that can relate to any pupil upright and quite good,Multi-purpose terms,By meaning nothing,Apply to all.This shows the way teachers make reports appear personal, but are actually simply using universal terms that could relate to a range of students. The reason the teacher has chosen to do this is to prevent any unwanted backlash from parents.In the first three stanzas, I feel that Fanthorpe is proclaiming that the authoritative figure does not see the people placed under their authority as individuals, but as a large group. This emphasises the fact that authority causes the identity and individuality of a person to be lost.The teachers in this poem are also aware of the need to make themselves look as though they are not to point for the pupils problems at school.Unmanageable oaf cuts both ways.Finds the airfield difficult,Acquitting y ou,Converts oaf into idiot, usher to master.Such phrases as Unmanageable oaf shine badly on the teacher, and suggests that the teacher may not be able to cope. To neutralize this, the teachers use clever euphemisms to make it seem as though it is the pupil failing, and not the teacher. This illustrates the exploitation of the teachers authority over their pupils.The next stanza warns that people will try to read into the reports, so they must remain as simple as possible, to avoid any complications. round them no riddles, justEcho the common-room clichMust make more effort.The teachers are acutely aware of the need to keep the reports similar, as this will avoid confusion. Using common phrases such as Must make more effort subject matter that the parent, head and child accept the report, and they will not feel compelled to question the report further.Although the poem is based around teachers relationships with pupils, in the final stanza, Fanthorpe uses school as a illustration for life.Remember your high callingSchool is the world.Fanthorpe uses irony to indicate that the way we live our lives is similar to our school reports.Born at Sound beginningWe move from satisfactoryTo fair, then FindThe subject difficult,Learning at last weCould have done better.In this final part of the stanza, I feel that Fanthorpe is attempting to make a statement that during life, you endeavour to be the better you can be, but ultimately realise that the decisions you have made may not have been the right ones. Moreover, she may be trying to make the point that one is pushed into inconspicuousness by authority, which causes one to feel disappointed, and insignificant. In the poem, we have no way of knowing whether Fanthorpe is referring to herself, or people in general, but the slightly bitter tone in the final three lines, and, indeed, the final stanza, is evident.Stone only, final instructor,Modulates from the indicativeWith rest in peace.By this, Fanthorpe means that the only time that we avoid the report system of life is when we die, and our epitaph is graven onto our grave.To conclude, the poem Reports is illustrating the way that teachers depersonalise pupils, in order to prevent problems for them. The pupils are seen as one whole state, and the fact that the education system does not allow individuality leads to a sense of disappointment later on in life. This shows that individuals are repressed by society, and do not feel able to follow their own paths, as they are constantly being grouped with others.Quintessentially, the poems Not My Best Side, You Will Be Hearing From Us Shortly, and Reports all emphasise that UA Fanthorpe believes that power corrupts, and that people of authority usually use it to their advantage, to belittle others or to make them feel sub-standard. It is also clear that Fanthorpe believes that authority within society leads to depersonalisation of a character, and the acerbic of individuals into conformity.

Compare Chinese and Indian Creation Stories Essay

Creation stories or establishment myths are narratives that explain how things began they are usually passed down generations after generations. In almost every socialisation throughout the whole man there are a regeneration of versions of creation stories since the desire to know the origin of things around us is a common human instinct. Despite the differences surrounded by the purifications and countries, galore(postnominal) common themes and elements apprize be open up in their creation stories.In Both Chinese and Indian creation stories the creators of the dry land are two a phallic human-being like figure with a nonspecific rearwardsground. A long judgment of conviction ago the whole universe was coalesced into a cosmic pelt, inner(a) the egg there was nothing but darkness. Among these Hundun( ) (a term was utilise to portray a nebulous state in Chinese) there was Pangu( ) who was resting for about 18,000 years, last he woke up and feeling suffocated, so he decided to standup. notwithstanding he was wrapped tightly by this egg shell and he couldnt even stretch his arms and legs.He pulled off atomic number 53 of his teeth and turned it into a huge axe and broke the egg shell into two subprograms with a powerful swing, the light part of the egg kept flying and became the flick (Yang) and the heavy part kept sinking and became the earth (Yin). Pangu was worried that the flip and earth would come rearwards and close again. He decided to stand between them with his head behind up the sky and his feet on the earth, as judgment of conviction went by he grew taller and the sky and earth similarly got thicker each day. Another 18,000 years passed. Pangu used up all his strength and was convinced that the sky and the earth could stay obscure forever.Finally he lay down and suddenly his left bosom became the sun, his right eye became the lunation his breath became the wind and voice the yaup his hair and beard became the shining s tars and his arms formed the ground and the mountains his product line formed the rivers and muscles the soil his skin became the trees and flowers, teeth and bones turned into flamboyant and minerals Similar to the Chinese Pangu creation accounting the Indian Pimas creation story alike started with a human-being like character whose name was Juh-wert-a Mah-Kai (The deposit of the Earth).He was floating in the empty darkness and at last decided to get the earth, the sun, the moon, the stars and eventually the world that he was satisfied with. As we can see there are essential elements or parallels between the two creation stories. They both agreed that the world was crafted by an nonnatural being that had the supernatural powers and the creation of the earth both happened upon waking them up. They both invested in the essential elements that existed on earth from themselves, such as the sun, the moon and the stars.In addition, it is easy to notice that the gender of the crea tors was anthropoid which indicated that in both culture male was the symbol of strength and power. In ancient china this idea was gravidly reflected since the male heritage was extremely important as they were the dominated ones in the society. Female characters also played an important component part in both Chinese and Indian creation stories. later on Pangu uninvolved the sky and the earth, there was a woman Nuwa( ) who was the only human-being existing on earth. She was wondering around and judgeing to find slightlyone to talk to.However, the fishes and the birds could not agnise her. She tangle so lonely and as she stopped by a pond where she saw her shadow reflected in the water, suddenly she recognise that she needed someone like her on this earth, so she decided to create more human-beings like herself using the yellow clay and mud beside the pond. She also made animals out of them such as chicken, dogs, cattle and horses. This miscellanea of mother figure can also be found in the Indian Iroquois creation story where in the upper sky world there was a pregnant woman who gave birth to two twin boys.Both Nuwa and the Indian sky woman were female creators that created human-beings without another male figure involved since the creation stories were told long originally people understand the reproductive process and the humans in these stories were undefined creatures that usually possess unusual power. More importantly they both emphasized the primary right of women in human society as involved in biologic reproduction. It is not hard to notice that there are also some common events which happened in both creation stories, such as scarf outs.After human-beings were created by Nuwa, they started to reproduce offspring. Among them there were two characters-fire and water. There was a time that fire and water had a war. The four pillars supporting between the sky and the earth collapsed which led to the rising of the oceans and there was f ire and floods everywhere. While Nuwa felt helpless that a giant turtle came to her and offered its legs, Nuwa was able to use them to counterchange the four pillars and put them between the sky and the earth again and everything went back to normal.However there still were some damages, the sky was slightly ilted towards the north- western United States side which was the reason why the sun and the moon went back to the west in the end of the day. Also the earth was slightly sunk towards the sou-east which explained that all the water and rivers were running and gathering in that direction. In the Indian Pumas flood story two snakes were made to try to stop the flood and the snakes were lying between the south and west, and after the flood people who were created in the story were settled down in varied areas in same region where the Indians were found later on.The flood stories delineated the recreation of the original earth that was created and explained the establishment of the orders of nature and societies. Turtle is also a common creature in both creating stories as we found in the Nuwas story and in the Indian Iroquois creation story a large turtle saved the sky woman and the back part of the turtle grew into an island of earth. In Chinese culture turtle is often treated as a magical animal, and it is one of the four guardians of the Chinese compass.It is commonly used to represent longevity and endurance in many other mythologies from different cultures since it has a long invigorationspan and the sturdiness of its back which was used as the implication for the origin of the earth. In conclusion, the Chinese and Indian creation stories are very similar in many aspects. They explained how the sky and earth were created from a state of darkness or Hundun, and how was everything established and reestablished on earth, and they also tried to explain nature phenomena with a logical sense before any scientific explanations were established.They served as the foundations of the social structure for each culture and reflected the religions and beliefs in different cultures. They are also used as great sources today for studying the origins of the cultures. Some people today may catch at these stories and find them amusing because it contradicts with scientific facts and evidence. In addition, some of these stories clear been used for other purposes such as cartoons, novels, and convey the philosophy of life in an acceptable way that plays a vital role in society.

Influence of Nature and Nurture Developmental Research Essay

How about(a)(prenominal) bald, six-foot-six, 250-pound volunteer firefighters in New Jersey wear droopy mustaches, aviator-style eyeglasses, and a the influence of character versus key ring on the right situation of the belt? nurture. The answer is two Gerald Levey and Mark Newman. They are twins who were garbled at birth. Each twin did not even know 25. 2 Describe developmental the other existed until they were reunitedin a fire military postby a research techniques. fellow firefighter. . . The lives of the twins, although separate, took remarkably sympathetic 25.Discuss antenatal paths. Levey went to college, studying forestry Newman planned to development. study forestry in college but instead took a job trimming trees. . . . Both men are unmarried and commence the same kind of woman attractive tall, slender, long hair. They share similar hobbies, enjoying hunting, fishing, going to the beach, and watching old John Wayne movies and professional wrestling. Both interchan geable Chinese food and drink the same brand of beer. learning outcomes 25. 1 Compare and contrastThe remarkable range of similarities we see in legion(predicate) pairs of identical twins raises one of the fundamental heads posed by developmental psychology, the study of the patterns of growth and change that occur throughout life. The question is this How give notice we distinguish between the purlieual causes of demeanor (the influence of parents, siblings, family, friends, schooling, nutrition, and all the other experiences to which a child is exposed) and hereditary causes (those based on the genetic piece of an individual that influence growth and development throughout life)?This question embodies the naturenurture young. In this context, nature refers to hereditary factors, and nurture to environmental influences. Although the question was first posed as a nature-versus-nurture come on, developmental psychologists today learn that both nature Gerald Levey and Mark Ne wman 282 Chapter 8 development and nurture interact to produce particularised developmental patterns and outDevelopmental psychology The comes. Consequently, the question has evolved into How and to what mark rovener of psychology that studies the do environment and heredity both produce their personal effects?No one grows up patterns of growth and change that free of environmental influences, nor does anyone develop without being occur throughout life. affected by his or her inherited genetic makeup. However, the debate over Naturenurture issue The issue of the comparative influence of the two factors remains active, with different the degree to which environment and approaches and different theories of development emphasizing the environ- heredity influence behavior. ment or heredity to a greater or lesser degree (Pinker, 2002 Gottesman & Hanson, 2005 Rutter, 2006).For example, some developmental theories rely on basic psychological principles of learning and straining the s ocial function learning gos in producing changes in The naturenurture issue behavior in a developing child. Such theories emphasize the role of the enviis a key question that is ronment in development. In contrast, other developmental theories emphasize pervasive throughout the the influence of ones physiologic makeup and functioning on development. field of psychology, asking Such theories latent hostility the role of heredity and aturationthe unfolding of biohow and to what degree logically predetermined patterns of behaviorin producing developmental environment and heredity change. Maturation can be seen, for instance, in the development of sex characproduce their joint effects. teristics ( such as breasts and body hair) that occurs at the start of adolescence. Despite their differences over theory, developmental psychologists concur on some points. They agree that genetic factors not only provide the potential for specific behaviors or traits to emerge, but also place limitati ons on the emergence of such behavior or traits.For instance, heredity defines pluralitys general level of intelligence, setting an upper limit thatregardless of the quality of the environmentpeople cannot exceed. Heredity also places limits on physical abilities humans simply cannot run at a speed of 60 miles an hour, nor will they grow as tall as 10 feet, no matter what the quality of their environment (Dodge, 2004 Pinker, 2004). Figure 1 lists some of the characteristics most affected by heredity. As you consider these items, it is important to keep in mind that these characteristics are not entirely determined by heredity, for environmental factors also play a role.Developmental psychologists also agree that in most instances environmental factors play a critical role in enabling people to snuff it the potential capabilities that their genetic background makes possible. If Albert Einstein had received no understanding stimulation as a child and had not been sent to s tudy ale r t Height Weight Obesity Tone of voice physiological Characteristics Blood pressure Tooth decay Athletic ability Firmness of milk shake Age of death Activity level Intellectual Characteristics

Challenges Children Face in Divorced Families Essay

The death of a reboot is less(prenominal) devastating to a kidskin than a carve up. (Billota, 2012) There argon coarse term and suddenly cause that squirtren face during and post disassociate. There argon six station in which most couples face while going by these trials. near fifty percent of married couples provide get a break up before the children atomic number 18 of the age of 18. (Scott, 2010) Since decouple is so complex I will discuss some guidelines on how to repose the spite on children growing up or going through a base in which parents are getting a divorce.The death of a parent is less devastating to a child than a divorce. (Billota, 2012) After cautiously analyzing this statistic I stick out enjoin that I agree with the statistical fact. speech qualification from per male childal experience, I whole tone desire I am a creditable source and can relate to this topic of Ch altoge in that locationnges Children Faced in disarticulated Families. A n onher statistic is that half of American children, under the age of cardinal will witness the actual break of their parents and half of those children will alike witness the failure of the second spousal relationship. The percentage of children being raised without their fathers in America is an astonishing forty percent.Children who experienced a divorce are more(prenominal) like to be at a high attempt for illness or injury such as asthma, headaches, and speech defects. (Billota, 2012) These are just a few of the statistical facts that children of divorce face. My name is Mayra and I am a statistic. I come from a divorced family I witnessed the breakup of my parents and both of their second marriages. I am a divorcee, my discussion is a recipient of speech therapy and I was raised without a father. disarticulate is a death of a commitment and a promise, notwithstanding inappropriate a death of a parent, it isnt someone we mourn and accordingly slowly move forth from, i t is a death that we adopt to mitt with on a day to day basis. This is why the death of a parent is less devastating to a child than of a divorce. (Billota, 2012)I, Mayra, strickle thee, Erick, to be my lawful wedded husband. To come and to hold from this day forward for better or for worse in sickness and in nearlyness to love, to honor, obey, and cherish from this day forward till death do us part. These are one-third estate busted vows. Why do people attach? According to our text, people marry for love and commitment as well to avoid the inevitable find oneselfing of loneliness. (Scott, 2010) A steady companionship is ensample in society and although that isnt the sole reason for marriage, it is one of the major reason people pursue marriage. Other reasons people get married besides personal fulfillment, can be for financial reasons, wealth, power and productive reasons. (Scott, 2010) In a perfect world everyone would live a cock-and-bull story marriage and live a h appily ever aft(prenominal).In nows society divorce is what happens when couples take ont work out. well-nigh might refer to it as a trend do to the unprejudiced fact that in the most recent years the numbers of divorce rates aim increased to a little more than 1 million a year. (Scott, 2010) Factors that affect marital stability are, but not refined just to, age of first marriage, education of individuals, income, religion, parental divorce, cohabitation, and comportment of children. (Scott, 2010) There are different stages in the motion of divorce. Starting from when the affair between the married couple begins and support a period of conviction to the initiation of legal paperwork to the spouses adaption to the dissolution of the troubled marriage. (Scott, 2010)As mentioned above some factors that affect marital stability include the presence of children. man and wifes can last longer if children are indeed present do to the fact that parents dont want their children to grow up in a broken home it can be imposed values or the maven of guilt. In cases when the marriage cannot be salvaged and there are children convoluted in the dissolution it is best that the parents take succession to careful initiate the form while providing stability and structure. (Scott, 2010 Block, Kemp, & Smith, 2012)The six stations that married couples face as they divorce are emotional, legal scotch, coparental, community and psychic divorce. During the emotional station, any one or both partners begin to question their marriage found on the viability or quality. One or both partners whitethorn study emotion solelyy, withhold feelings and whitethorn withhold affection. Intentionally hurting one another(prenominal) may occur because of the frustration, anger or resentment that they might feel towards each other or one another. Separation during this stage is common and it is common to do so aft(prenominal) an argument or fight. (Scott, 2010) It is important tha t from this stage parents recognize that in order to avoid their children from feeling the render and the pain of a divorce, that they provide structure, love and reassurance to the children.One thing to have in mind is not to belittle one another or argue in front of the children. (Block, Kemp, & Smith, 2012) During my emotional station, we both detached from one another and by choice hurt one another by verbally insulting each other. An argument that occurred while placing an order at a restaurant was all it took to know that the person that I married knew nothing more or less me after 6 years of marriage. I took into account that I had a son and I didnt want him to grow up without both parents, but I figured it wasnt a healthy marriage and I couldnt hide my pain, it showed and affected my relationship with my son. I left at bottom a couple of days of that argument.Second station The legal divorce officially ends the matrimony and gives both parties the right to remarry or e mpathise other people as they please. This is a deliberating period of time and commonly takes months before its finalized. Divorce can be expensive and go in either spousal support, alimony, and or child support, which leads us to our third station economic divorce. Economic divorce involves the economical settlements of tangible items that may have been accrued during the marriage. It includes homes, cars, bank accounts, investments and any future earnings. This station is not applicable to every marriage being that not every marriage last as long and may or may have not accrued ofttimes. Stations dickens and three may as well affect the challenges the children face during these periods. Children may face the challenge of not seeing either parent for long periods of time and have to incorporate a new schedule and routine. It is common for a father to become less involved with their children during this period because of their perceptions of possible sources of support.Father s may feel that by providing child support they no longer have resume their ties to fatherly duties. During the economic station, children may also face economical changes. It is common for the mother to have custody and usually in household incomes the father has a higher income. If they live with the mother the child may not live the support as if both parents combined their income causing stress and emotional pain to a child. (Scott, 2010) Being involved with the children after divorce is a immense way to reassure them that they have both parents regardless of the separation.And even through the economical changes, providing the children with a safe secure home, establishing a routine, and providing structure will ease the challenges the children face. (Block, Kemp, & Smith, 2012) Children react to divorce by having feeling of denial, anger, sadness, rejection, despair and mourning and loneliness. Station 4 the coparental divorce involves the responsibilities the parents have to the children that include, custody, visitation, and financial and legal aspects of it. (Scott, 2010) kind in custody engagement adds an abundant amount of stress to all parties, especially the children. Ensuring that the children dont get caught in between battle is important. Parents should make sure they dont have the children chose sides and always regain it should be in the best interest of the child. (Block, Kemp, & Smith, 2012)The community divorce, station five, involves the changes of the sociable relationships which includes relatives and friends that are associated with a power spouse. This can act as a loss to either family member. Having to detach from relatives, such as in-laws, mutual friends, family members of the former spouse, puts a toll on everyone because people are left to feel like they have to choose sides. Children face the challenges of losing friends and the luxury of having the sense of family. (Scott, 2010) In my personal situation, mutual friends were forced to take sides because my former spouse couldnt handle the thought of sharing anything that had to do with me. Former family members feel like they cant invite to family parties out of respect to my ex, but it affects my son because, he misses his fathers family. Situations like these are best handled by presenting as a united front. (Block, Kemp, & Smith, 2012)The psychic divorce, sixth station, has no time frame and involves defining yourself as single person rather than a couple. During this process, people mourn their failed marriage, use the time to discover their self, distance themselves from the divorce and accept the breakup. The station of difficulty and time varies from individual to individual. (Scott, 2010) Children absorb so much through divorce and being a strong parent, who reassures them that they are not at fault or cause for the divorce patrons ease the grief caused by the divorce. Helping children express emotions and committing to listen to the child ren without getting antitank reassures the unconditional love that you have for them. Adjusting to new circumstances is difficult for children, they can look at divorce as a loss and by supporting their feelings helps create that trust that may have been lost with the divorce. (Block, Kemp, & Smith, 2012)Divorce on children has a short term and long term effect. The short term experiences that are most commonly shared among children whose parents divorced are rejection, anger, denial, sadness, despair, and grief. Children tend to feel guilty and blame themselves for the divorce and fantasize about parents reuniting. The stresses of this may cause health problems, both physical and psychological. Health problems may be caused by the lack of health insurance following the divorce, which creates a health problematic for children. The stress of the divorce may lead to picture and leave the children feeling incompetent. This depends on the guidance of the parents and the adjustment pro cess of the child. keen-sighted term effects may not be as empty and consistent.Long term effects are long-lasting and interfere with the process of social-emotional developmental. (Scott, 2010) Children of divorced families are four more times likely to have problems with their peers. It is also said that boys who come from divorced parents tend to be more aggressive toward their peers than those who dont come from a broken home. (Billota, 2012) The braggart(a) children of divorced parents show much more anxiety and have a higher rate of having failing interpersonal relationships. The more common long term effect of children of divorced parents is low self-esteem, depression and school and port problems. These are the negative effects and challenges children face. (Scott, 2010)Support for marriage and families can be found online, within the community and schools. Some schools provide affordable management services. Parents who decide to divorce are encouraged to learn about t he effects children face during divorce. It may help reduce risks children might face during and after the process. There is a high risk for fathers to be less involved with their children after divorce, so it is encouraged that families promote activities that involve parents and children so that it help them stay connected (Scott, 2010)Important guidelines to help children cope are, telling the truth, verbalism I love you, addressing the changes, avoid blaming anyone, listening and acknowledging feelings, having patience, providing reassurance, and providing a structured routine. When in doubt, it is encouraged to seek professional help. (Block, Kemp, & Smith, 2012) By providing all the above, helps give the children a sense a security and perhaps the hope that everything is for the better. It would be prissy if children from divorced families could break the vicious cycle of divorce. I can say that for two yours I put a lot effort into making my marriage work.I encourage everyo ne to take premarital counseling and post-marital counseling. I believe to have a strong successful marriage there needs to be a solid foundation of communication, trust and respect. experience is an emotion and in most cases conditional, the only unconditional love that I ever known is for my son. I cant say that for everyone. If I would have known that I was going to cause so much emotional pain getting a divorce, never in a million years would have given up after two years. The death of a parent is less devastating to a child than a divorce. (Billota, 2012)Works CitedBillota, L. (2012, March 23). 18 Shocking Statistics About Children and Divorce. Retrieved from Marriage Success Secrets website http//www.marriage-success-secrets.com/statistics-about-children-and-divorce.html Block, J., Kemp, G., & Smith, M. (2012, March 21). Children and Divorce. Retrieved from Helpguide.org http//www.helpguide.org/mental/children_divorce.htm Scott, M. A. (2010). Marriages and Families. Upper Sad dle River, NJ Pearson Education, Inc.

Organizational Management and Operations Paper Essay

In this organizational management and trading operations paper the student will topical anaestheticize, comp be, and seam the policing function at the local, state, and federal organizational levels. The student will tumble how organizational, management, administration, and in operation(p) functions at these three organizational levels. The student will identify in what ways the different organizational levels are similar or different and why. Finally, the leadership characteristics and responsibilities pertaining to each organizational level will be identified.Local Law EnforcementThere are many roles in which local uprightness enforcement agencies take single out in. The duties, functions, and responsibilities of local impartiality enforcement agencies are furrowed down into many different roles. Local law enforcement agencies are in place to deliver routine patrol of the communities within their jurisdictions. They provide collar services, and uphold traffic enforce ment laws. They conduct criminal investigations/planning and analysis. They provide cargo area for adults and juveniles, offer community services, crime prevention communications, community relations, and much more. province Law Enforcement domain law enforcement consists of state natural law departments and highway patrol. State law enforcement is alike a local or county police department, solidly with a much larger jurisdiction. State police departments usually birth many specialized units, such as investigative branches, aviation units, and tactical teams. Highway Patrol righteousnessrs, on the separate hand, usually are undertakinged with ensuring the gumshoe of the roadways of the state. Many states also take a leak additional specialized state agencies. slightly states with highwaypatrols book a separate state investigative dominance. For instance, Floridas FDLE conducts statewide investigations and assists local and county agencies with complex investigations of their own. One may think of this like a state FBI.Federal Law EnforcementThere are two different types of federal agencies, uniformed agencies and investigative agencies (although some do both). They provide uniformed law enforcement services for a specific location, such as The White House, United States Capital, FBI Building, US Parks, Supreme Court, various federal buildings. The other main type of federal chest is the investigative agency. These agencies sop up an depute character of the United States Code that they enforce. For example, the DEA deals with drug laws, and the Secret Service focuses on crimes involving currency. In addition to the common agencies, all federal departments have an Office of the Inspector General that employs criminal investigators to investigate fraud within the department. On the negative side, working for the federal government potentiometer mean that one is at their beck and call when come toing relocation. While obviously not a caution with some of the uniformed agencies, relocation can be a concern if one works for the more nationalized federal agencies.For the most part local, state, and federal law enforcement agencies share the same directives as well as validate and oversee the same laws of the land. The only obvious differences that these three agencies have are their jurisdictions, preferences, staffing, funding, budgets, support, and operations. In todays society the roles and duties that are assigned to law enforcement will continue to change every day.Organizational ManagementIn the early 1990s the New York legal philosophy Department (NYPD) was as paralyse basically reluctant to act out of fear of making mistakes. As an organization the NYPD suffered with productivity from the ships officers up to and including the chief (Harvard Kennedy School, 2013). The crime reporting system of rules used was extremely dated hence the creation of a unsanded software system that analyzed crime information ent ered into a computer, which maintain statistics (COMPSTAT). This data was evaluated regularly, which offered commanders the ability to develop strategies for awareness, patrol, andresource allocation, solving crimes, and quality of manners improvement for the citizens in the jurisdiction. If the data is entered in COMPSAT properly, estimates of crimes can be make to include what type, clocks of day, and locations (Harvard Kennedy School, 2013).This worthy management dickhead allows chiefs, sheriffs, and commanders with a brilliant representation of what is occurring in an area of responsibility, which will assist with organizational management. growing awareness of when and where crimes are likely to be committed allows supervisors to allocate resources in those potentially affected areas to aid in crime reduction. This tool helps with long-run (proactive) planning by knowing how many patrols are needed in certain areas and what times they need to be present (Harvard Kennedy School, 2013). The COMPSTAT predictions also can be effective when projecting operational and functional budgets for the fiscal budget. The COMPSTAT data blended with actual crime reporting can justify resource allocation both for personnel and money. Finally the principles of COMPSTAT are only beneficial if the officers, patrols, and supervisors conduct follow-up assessments to ensure the desired results are actually achieved. COMPSTAT is a proven tool for organizational management, but like any tool if not used properly it could be more harmful than valuable (Harvard Kennedy School, 2013).Administration and Operational AspectsWithin any law enforcement agency, the administration class is a paramount tool. Some of the many duties that fall under the task of the administration section include training (includes sworn officers and civilians), computer systems, departmental forms, budgets, and records just to name a few (Police Administration Division, 2013). The responsibility of this section will usually lie in the hands of a police lieutenant or Sergeant who will answer to the Chief or Sheriff. The agency relies heavily on this section for up to date information. If there is a lapse in judgment or something is forgotten, it can have a drastic impact. For example, if records are not maintained properly, officers will have issues with they contraceptive diaphragm someone and run their information. That person could be wanted for murder and the officer would never know.Law enforcement is always expanding and looking to improve on how operationsare conducted. It is essential that the agency keeps an open mind and looks to make changes when needed. For example, if the agency hires a transfer from another department and that officer thinks there is a better way to handle a specific aspect of law enforcement, the agency should consider what that officer is saying. The department that the officer came from may have some technology or information that the new age ncy does not. leading Characteristics and ResponsibilitiesThe leadership characteristics and responsibilities at the different levels are very similar. leadership are born, not made. The leadership traits are developed through education, training and hard work. Leaders inspire others by setting an example. They show others that they care and have compassion for those that they lead. Leaders accept the fact that mistakes happen and a part of the job. They prevail against the odds not letting the obstacles get in the way. A leaders since of duty calls them toward quality not quantity. They believe in the people they lead. Effective leadership encompasses both tactical and technical proficiencies. Leaders do not forget where they came from, regardless of rank. Higher ranking officers have a unique responsibility to demonstrate leadership and this is their primary operational function. (Gonzalez, 2014)ConclusionWith the onset of a new millennium, American police agencies breast new ch allenges. The terrorist attacks on the World Trade Center and the Pentagon changed the way in which law enforcement collectively thinks about public safety and security. Priorities for training at all levels, equipment, strategies, and funding have transformed policing once again this time focusing on homeland security history of American police systems from the English heritage through the last years of the 20thcentury. A flesh of present-day issues have roots in different epochs of American history. For example, the humor of community policing is traced to the colonial period and to medieval England. Preventive patrol, legitimacy, authority, and professionalism are eighteenth and 19th century concepts. Riots, disorders, and corruption are not new to American policing, similar events occurred in the 19th century. Thus by virtue of poring over history, this can give contextualmeaning to current police problems, ideas, and situations. aspect at the past, present-day events can be better understood.ReferencesBechtel, H. K. (1995). State Police in the United States. Westport conn Greenwood Press. Bryan Vila, C. M. (1994). Police in Contradiction The developing of the Police Funtion in Society. Westport Greenwood Press. Bryan Vila, C. M. (1999). The Role of Police in American Society. Westport Greenwood Press. Gonzalez, R. (2014). 10 key qualities of law enforcement leaders. Retrieved April 20, 2014, from Police One.com http//www.policeone.com/news/1204313-10-key-qualities-of-law-enforcement-leaders/Harvard Kennedy School. (2013). Retrieved from http//www.innovations.harvard.edu/awards.html?id=3716 Police Administration Division. (2013). Retrieved from http//www.mysanibel.com/Departments/Police-including-Emergency-Management/Police-Administrative-Division Roberts, D. J. (2013). engineering science Is Playing an Expanding Role in Policing. The Police Chief, Retrieved from http//www.policechiefmagazine.org/magazine/index.cfm?fuseaction=display&issue_id=12011&c ategory_ID=4Uchida, C. D. (2004). Justice and Security Stratagies. Inc .

Bank of the Philippine Islands

beach OF THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS fix of the Philippine Islands (bits per inch) is that countrys second-largest till, tracking only Metropolitan Bank depose. It is also the Philippines oldest bank and one of the oldest of each(prenominal) Asian banks. bpi offers a full range of commercial and sell financial services, including corporate finance services, asset management, and brokerage and other financial consulting services.bits per inchs retail network includes more than than 700 branches throughout the Philippines, as well as branches in New York, Hong Kong, and Tokyo. The bank also operates a network of more than 1,200 automated teller machines and more than 8,500 retailer-based point-of-sale machines. In 1999, bpi pioneered online banking in the Philippines with the launch of online bank bits per inch Direct in 1999.In addition to its banking products and services, BPI has also developed a strong non-life insurance operation, chiefly under subsidiary BPI/MS Insurance mass. Listed on the Philippines Stock Exchange, BPI has long been majority controlled by Philippines conglomerate Ayala Corporation. * leader in electronic banking, having introduced most of the firsts in the industry, such as * automated teller machines (ATMs), * a point-of-sale debit system * kiosk banking * phone banking internet banking * ready banking * owned by the Ayala Corporation Business Evolution * post creative activity War II era, BPI evolved from a purely commercial bank to a fully diversified universal bank * accomplished primarily through unions and acquisitions in the eighties when it absorbed an investment house, a stockbrokerage company, a leasing company, a savings bank, and a retail finance company * Since the of late 1990s consummated three bank mergers * 1996 integrate with City Trust Banking Corporation 2000 * consummated the biggest merger then in the banking industry when it unify with the former remote East Bank Trust Company (FEBTC) * formali stic its acquisition of three major insurance companies in the life, non-life and reinsurance fields * 2005 acquired and unified with Prudential Bank MERGERS April 2007 Bank of the Philippine Islands (Europe) Plc * October 2008 BPI, Ayala Corporation and Globe telecom signed a Memorandum of Agreement to form the countrys first mobile microfinance bank * 2009 entered into a strategic bancassurance partnership with The Philippine American Life Insurance Company (Philamlife) to form BPI-Philam Life boldness Corp Principal Subsidiaries * BPI Family Savings Bank, Inc. * BPI Capital Corporation * BPI Leasing Corporation * BPI Direct Savings Bank * BPI International Finance Limited, Hong Kong BPI Express Remittance Corporation * Bank of the Philippine Island (Europe) Plc, * Ayala Plans, Inc. * BPI/MS1 Insurance Corporation Reasons Of merger * Jaime Augusto Zobel de Ayala, BPIs Chairman, tell the purchase would further enhance the operations of BPI with change magnitude or widened network. * New incentive package by BSP with respect to mergers and acquisitions * BPI has been on the savourout for some good acquisitions in order to aggrandise its position as a rising regional financial powerhouse. The merger is seen to offer a good strategic fit to BPI in penetrating the attractive customer segment of Prudential composed in general of middle market entrepreneurs. * With the merger, BPI will solidify its position as the countrys second largest bank with combined assets totaling P456. 09 billion. * BPI expects to addition at least 200,000 new accounts with the acquisition. BPI and FAR EAST BANK TRUST COMPANY MERGER The majority stockholders of the Bank of Philippine Islands (BPI) and Far East Bank and Trust Co. FEBTC) approved the merger of the two banks, reservation the combined entity the 10th largest financial institution in the region with oer $3. 5 billion in capital. The merger catapulted BPI/FEBTC as the countrys largest bank, accounting system for 1 4 portion of the entire banking industrys total resources with combinedassets of P372. 4 billion. The merged institution will also have the largest branch network of 680. BPI president Xavier Loinaz, in an interview, said they expect the integration of the two banks to be firmed up by the finis of March this social class. We think that by end of March this year, they (merger process) would be falling into place, Loinaz said, when asked about the merger timetable. FEBTC president Octavio Espiritu conscious FEBTC employees that they will work out ways to thresh out be issues regarding the merger particularly the possible massive displacement of FEBTC personnel. While they are finalizing the integration, both Loinaz and Espiritu said the performance of their respective banks in 1999 was relatively plane. We havent seen any growth for the year, pretty much the same level as last year.Loans are flat for 1999, Loinaz said, adding that BPIs bottomline was also flat. The same matte r with FEBTC, Espiritu said the banks income was down due to loans provisioning amounting to about P2 billion for the year. This year, Loinaz said they are still waiting for the economy to turn around. Last year was sort of disappointing. We showed a slight drop in (bottomline) the previous year, he added. Loinaz said they do not expect too much from the first year of merger of BPI and FEBTC.But, he informed the stockholder that for 2000, the pro-forma projected internet per share for the merged bank would be 5. 37 percent, 6. 31 percent in 2001 and 6. 79 percent in 2001. Based on BPIs completion price on Oct. 20, 1999, the day that the merger agreement was signed and announced, the throw ratio represented an implied value of P82. 50 per FEBTC share or an implied subvention of 18 percent to FEBTCs closing price on that day. According to Loinaz, they look forward to working with DBS Bank which now owns about 20 percent of the merged bank. DBS Bank is the second largest bank in t he region.

Lan-Base Attendance Monitoring and Payroll System Essay

1.1 IntroductionModernization changed our lifestyle. engineering science improves us to blow over time and spaces in remarkable ways. Due to rapid technological changes reinvigorated things to produce better way of doing things through the help of technology. In our founder life style people find way to improve their hold day by day .This improvement was obviously seen in our modern font technology, such modern machine, improvised gadgets, robotics and the most popular and widely prestigious is the modern computer. Modern computer helps people to lessen their work in such particular field of industry, particularly for those activities that requires reckoning storage of culture presentation hostage and many employments of musical arrangement parcel by the company, brass section and in some aspect of educational areas. One of these changes is through the use of LAN-Based attendance Monitoring and payroll System of Caltex natural gas Station which is programmed automatica lly set the time and veritableize employees log so that the home low-level monitors the destroy and liable easily access the payments of the employees.In the field of cultivation technology the knowledge in creating a LAN-Based attending Monitoring and Payroll System of the employees are star of the most important parts to hold in a certain business stable as well includes the monitoring of the employees and the payroll. The owner cant assure that his employee is arriving on time in gasoline Station and he cant also assure if the computation of the payroll is correct and accurate.1.2.1 Background of the StudyThe Caltex Techron Balite Merchandise started as a Federal Gasoline station in 2007. After three geezerhood Federal Gasoline Station experienced bankrupt because of the competition in other gasoline station. The owner of Federal Gasoline Station discrete to sell the property of Federal Gasoline Station to Mr. Danny Reobeca to recover his investment.In the year 2010 September 19, the Caltex Techron merchandising established in Barangay Balite. They started with sixteen (16) employees including (1) one theater director, (1) one secretary, (2) two cashiers, and (12) twelve gasoline male childs.Nowadays, the Caltex Techron Merchandising has (4) quad Gasoline Machines, (3) three Gasoline Tanker, (1) one storage room and (1) one office room. Caltex Techron Merchandising have now (33) thirty three employees including (1) one conductor as the owner, (3) three office assistant, (3) three cashier, (2) two guards and (24) twenty four gasoline boys. The operation is 24 hours and has three alter for gasoline boy and cashiers. First shift (600am-300pm), second shift (1200pm-900pm), third shift(900pm-600am), (2) two shifting for the security guard, First shift (600am-600pm) and second shift (600pm-600am) while the executer and office assistant work 8 hours start 800am to 400pm.The facilities of the Caltex Techron Merchandising are complete but proponent s found out (2) problem. First, the attending monitoring of the employee is manual(a) like the traditional. Second, the exact computation of payroll of the employee is manual computation. They have an office assistant in the office room to manage the attending monitoring and payroll of the employees. 1.2 Statement of the problem1.2.1 General businessThe Manual attendance and payroll of the employees in Caltex Techron resulting lack of accuracy and security in terms of records. The main problem of manual system is very(prenominal) hard to retrieve information of the employees.1.2.2 Specific ProblemThe Caltex Techron Merchandising has also some specific problem as they follow* Manual arranging of the time-in and time-out of the employees.* Using the manual computation of payroll.* Inaccurate employees attendance due to manual operation of time keeping.* Unorganized records because of many records that must(prenominal) be filed.1.3 Objective1.3.1 General ObjectiveThe Proponents aims to kick bug outstairs a LAN-Based Attendance Monitoring and Payroll System that pass on improve their service in terms of attendance monitoring and payroll of the employee.1.3.2 Specific objectives* To develop a system that enable to search records easier and faster. * To avoid changing of time that they log. * To develop a system that will monitor the daily time record of employee. * To upgrade and standard the process of computing salaries of employees accurately. * To establish a system that will register the time-in and time-out of employees. * To prevent loosen and break down of the records and files. * To make automated the computation of the salaries of the employees.1.4 Scope and LimitationThe Proponents aims to develop a LAN-Based Attendance Monitoring and Payroll System of the employee for the improvement of Caltex Techron Merchandising. The File sustenance can easily add, search, delete, and update records, with the use of this system.1.4.1 Scope* Computerize th e Attendance of the employee.* modify computation of salaries.* It gives accurate time and date of the employees log.* LAN-basedSystem.* The decision maker only has the authority to access the records of the employees.1.4.2 Limitation* Records only the time and date of log-in and log-out of the employee but it cant identify who are the real employees. * The LAN-Based Attendance Monitoring and Payroll System embedded only to Caltex Techron.1.5 conditional relation of StudyThis study not only to develop a software system, It also aims to do specific task in a presently period of time.Administrator/Manager* It will help them in terms of less spending space and time. It will help them.Office friend* It will be easy for them to monitor the attendance of the employee and to lessen their work.Employee* It will be easier to get their salary because of the automatic computation.1.6 Definition of Terms1. Automated To operate by automation.2. Merchandising Sales promotion has a panoptic function including market research, development of new products.3. Monitoring A doojigger for observing a biological condition or function.4. Payroll The sum of currency necessary for distribution to those on a payroll also the money to be distributed.5. Salary Fixed comprehension paid regularly for devices6. Technology A capability given by the practical application knowledge.7. plant Fix to the business company.8. LAN-Based the system is running by group of ain computer and associated equipment that are linked by cable, office building and that allot a communications line.9. Manual work by hand, involving the skills and hard treatment of hand.10. Traditional from generation to generation, Old style.

Madness through king lear Essay

In the 17th Century, unhingedness was still a relatively new concept. Many people believed it was referable to a person organism possessed, which resulted in stupidity often being linked back to opprobrious magic and witchcraft. In context, the public would frequently visit Bedlam hospital to enjoy the spectacle of a madmans behaviour thus, Renaissance dramatists typically used mad scenes for a anomalous effect. In spite of this, Shakespeare seems wal world power on a serious, if non slightly disturbing, portrayal of rabies in King Lear.Throughout the scarceterfly King Lear, we bear witness to Lears gradual and possibly inevitable descent into madness. As archaean as function I expression 1 we, as the audience, observe early signs of the fagots madness, albeit political at this point, we are alarmed at Lears decision to break up his cite. Especially by dint of the direction he wishes to do so, his love-test is foolish and egotistical, as is his desire to be case- hardened as an important, royal personage after he has presumptuousness off his world powerdom. It is fair to say that all done Act I Scene 1 Lear shows many times that he most concerned with appearances. ostensibly his love-test is going to plan, as Goneril and Regan extravagantly pledge their love and allegiance to their fix, this is until Cordelia refuses to come after with Lears love-test, answering I love your Majesty according to my bond, no more, no less. simply meaning that Cordelia loves her father as a missy should. Lear, in his blissful ignorance, give noticenot see past Goneril and Regans elaborate speeches and sooner feels humiliated by his youngest lady friends unadorned answer.As a result, he disowns her and banishes her, Cordelia then departs to France. We can see Lear is already losing control as he goes to strike his faithful advisor Kent and banishes him also, all because Kent questioned the Lears actions. As a consequence of Lears vituperative temper an d his irrational, insane, actions he leaves himself powerless and at the mercy of his two eldest young womans, with neither his dog wish advisor nor his devoted youngest daughter to protect him from what is to proceed.As the play progresses, we can see that the tabbys identity is gradually becoming unbeknown to him when he asks the question Who is there that can tell me who I am? 1, we can see that Lear is slowly losing his wits. Lears speeches become increasingly disunited as he becomes more distressed, hinting at the madness that pull up stakes charm him later in the play. He is becoming progressively isolated due to his fragile psychogenic state, thus, through Lear the idea of madness could be seen as being presented as photo. In Act II, Lears changes of moods and tones indicate his escalating mental instability.His foolishness persists as he insists he will stay with the daughter that allows him to keep the most knights there is desperation in his confrontation with his dog-hearted daughters. Eventually, the beleaguered kings rages become signs of impotence, not authority, emphasising the fact that the patriarchs in sanity has left him powerless and increasingly vulnerable. When the storm starts we substantiate that Lears business concern that he would go mad, first voiced in Act I Scene 4, has been realised. The storm serves as a metaphor for Lears and Englands plight, his speeches establish and reflect properties of the storm.Through the storm, Lears madness is presented as withering as his speeches are full of anger and distress, as the mad king moves swiftly from one topic to another. The violence of the imagery that the king employs reflects his state of foreland. It is easy to see how Lears insanity could be viewed as unwholesome he has caused his kingdoms predicament through his rash actions at the beginning of the play, he has divided his family through his egotism and in his mad rages he often behaves like a scorned child employ in vective language.However, all this considered, Shakespeare also presents Lears madness as pitiful. collectable to his madness Lear confronts his failings as a father and a ruler. He shows benevolence to the characters that have helped him i. e. the draw, Kent/Caious and pitiful Tom. Even when Lear starts to regain his wits, we sympathise with the king as with his new clarity of vision brings with it distress and much regret. These are not the facts that make us truly pity Lear it is the reality that wisdom came excessively late.Jesters were often kept by the monarch to permit witty abstract of contemporary behaviour and to remind the sovereign of his humanity Lears home run certainly fulfils these functions for his master. At first glance, the horse arounds professional madness is rendered as comical, his seemingly asinine jests often lighten the tone and provide some much necessitate moments of relief, the assumes flippant find about short Toms clothing is a unafraid example of him lightening the tone of a distressing scene.However, through the shoot downs professional insanity Shakespeare presents a hidden wisdom. Lears Fool is all-licensed which essentially means that the Fool is licensed to say things to his superior that anybody else would be punished for. Taking this, and the fact that Lear and his Fool seem to have a very close relationship (the Fool calling Lear nuncle and Lear calling the Fool boy), throughout the time the Fool exists in the play he is able to counsel Lear. The Fools sarcastic jocular is abrupt and hard hitting.Almost as soon as the Fool enters in the play he harps on Lears folly, this is apparent when the king asks Dost railway yard call me fool, boy? to which the Fool replies All thy other titles thou hast given away that thou wast born with2. Through the Fools madness he serves to push Lear towards the truth about his daughters this is evident when he warns Lear that Regan will side with Goneril, Shalt see thy ot her daughter will use kind for though shes as like this crabs like an apple, to date I can tell what I can tell3.And again when he hints at the dangerous accompaniment Lear has put himself in by reversing the natural order, making his daughters his mother, The hedge-sparrow fed the cuckoo so long that it had it head bit off by it young4 this is clearly word of advice the king that his daughters will twist against him. Furthermore, the Fool also tries to open the kings eyes so that he can see these truths on his own, Thou shouldst not have been old till thou hadst been knowing5, as well as have some insight as to why these events are occurring.The third character in question is that of Edgar / abject Tom. Edgar, Gloucesters legitimate son, is introduced as being a passive, credulous twit upon whom Edmunds6 devious practices ride easy. We are only given a stocky introduction of Edgar before Shakespeare haves him disguise himself as Poor Tom. In the geezerhood of Shakespeare, Bedlam hospital housed the mentally ill. When they were released Bedlam inmates were allowed to go begging for natural selection this is what Edgar has been reduced to by his gullible father and his brothers trickery.My give Ill grime with filth, blanket my loins. Elf all my hairs in knots, and with presented bleakness outface the winds and persecutions of the sky7 the fact that Edgar has to disguise himself as a Bedlam beggar, wandering the countryside in nothing but a loin cloth in order to preserve his behavior, presents to us his vulnerability and the sheer desperation of his feigned madness. Initially, Edgar is presented as a seemingly unmistakable character yet, as the plot unfolds we see he has many purposes within the play.Shakespeare uses Edgars alias Poor Tom to provide some comical relief as the plot thickens as some of his antics and ramblings can enhance to be amusing gibberish. However, in contrast, Poor Toms eccentric breathless craziness in Act III Scene iv increases the pathos infinitely. A prime example of this would be when he (Edgar / Poor Tom) says that a foul fiend laid knives under his pillow and halters in this pew, set ratsbane by his porridge, indicating towards suicide, this speech reflects Edgars fragile state of mind and, although fake, his madness is distressing to the audience.We are reminded of Edgars humanity in Act III Scene vi (the mock trail scene) as he listens to Lears lunatic agony, his act as Poor Tom momently breaks down at Bless thy five wits this in turn is another moment in which Edgars caricature increases the pathos of a scene. Furthermore, I feel that Shakespeare is using Edgar / Poor Toms situation to mirror Lears. Similarly to the besieged king, Edgar is now reliant on bounty and he has also had his world and expectations turned upside down.Edgars mistaken madness indicates towards Lears eventual submission to complete insanity in Act III, through Poor Tom we glimpse what Lear will be reduced to. Mad ness is portrayed in different ways through these characters professional, feigned and genuine insanity. Nonetheless, the idea of madness is presented as purposeful, almost like a journey, for all three of the characters in question. Edgars pilgrimage through his contrived madness serves the obvious purpose of preserving his life.The preservation of Edgars life enables him to guide his father but ultimately through his madness his valour is awakened allowing him to play the role of avenger at the end of the play. However, Edgars madness also serves a purpose to the principle protagonist, Lear, as it is noticeable that on the heath Edgars presence as his caricature Poor Tom aids Lear, as through interactions with Poor Tom the kings humanity and understanding increase. The Fools professional jesting provides some much needed moments of relief. In spite of his comic role, the Fools main purpose within King Lear is to, in essence, be Lears conscience.In other words, he bestows the kin g with truth and debate throughout the turbulent situations that occur during his, the Fools, time in the play. receivable to the fact that he is all-licensed, and also has a close relationship with the king, he can inform and criticise Lear for his mistakes without being punished for it, this permits him to counsel Lear. Lear finally gains the insight he needs to perceive his daughters and society for what it really is, soapy and immoral. The Fools abrupt disappearance signifies that Lear has gained all the understanding he needs to distinguish between and reality.Therefore, the Fool is no longer needed his purpose has been fulfilled. Unlike Edgar or the Fool, Lears madness is not an impending occurrence, it develops throughout the play. The insanity of the king is unequivocally ironic, in his apparent sanity he was introduced to be conceited and imprudent, yet when he is mad he becomes a more humble, compassionate and attractive character. At the beginning of the play Lear ac ts exceptionally irrational and cannot see the verity of his superficial values but as a result of his madness he demonstrates an increasingly sincere, insubordinate side to his nature.Attributable to his intensifying humility he is able to recognise his wrong doings as a leader and a father thus, the kings madness redeems him as he learns the value of authoritative emotion and is able to consider the sufferings of those close to him. Consequently, this enables Lear to reconcile with his beloved daughter Cordelia. In conclusion, the madness of King Lear is deeply distressing, it develops from and points back to the kings instability.