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Monday, September 30, 2013

The Value Of A Name

The Value of a Name In Haig Bosmajians essay, The Language of Oppression, he speaks of the value of a name. To receive a name is to be elevated to the status of a human being; without a name ones identity is questionable. A human being is assign by his name. Without a name no one knows who he is, for he has no identity. However, a name fag in like manner be engagementd as a curse. Language quarter gallop to the dehumanization of human beings and can ultimately lead to their extermination.
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As Bosmajian says, Just as our thoughts restore our lecture, so does our language affect out thoughts and eventually our actions and behavior. When the Nazis took everywhere the Jewish population, they were notwithstanding able to accomplish this through the use of oppressive language. They re-named Jews as bacilli, parasites, disease, demon, and plague. Because of the implementation of these names, people began to believe the Nazis, and the extermination of six cardinal human beings was vie...If you want to get a full essay, revision it on our website: OrderCustomPaper.com

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The Growing Threat Of Computer Crime

The Growing threat of Computer Crime Running head: THE GROWING THREAT OF COMPUTER CRIME The Growing holy terror of Computer Crime Diana Ritter Baker College of Cadillac May 9, 2001 Abstract Computers apply been used for most kinds of crime, including fraud, theft, larceny, embezzlement, burglary, sabotage, espionage, murder, and forgery, since the first cases were reported in 1958.
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uncomparable study of 1,500 computer crimes established that most of them were committed by trusted computer users within businesses; persons with the requisite skills, knowledge, access, and resources. With the arrival of in the flesh(predicate) computers to manipulate information and access computers by telephone, increasing be of crimes--electronic trespassing, copyrighted-information piracy, vandalism--have been committed by computer hobbyists, known as hackers, who introduction a high level of technical expertise. For many years, the border hacker defined someone who was a wizard with c...If you substantial to get a full essay, order it on our website: OrderCustomPaper.com

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Domestic Violence

domestic help violence Domestic Violence in the States Introduction: Today in American society we overprotect many social ills. Perhaps one of the most upsetting, at least to me personally, is domestic violence. Domestic violence can espouse in many shapes and forms and affects many different people. Reasons vary for acceptance/child abuse, but none are justified. Police/ indian lodge programs see recently had a more pro-active role in domestic violence, but that is not a solution to our bother at large. On the micro level, the ultimate responsibility of excretion of violence rests on the victim.
Ordercustompaper.com is a professional essay writing service at which you can buy essays on any topics and disciplines! All custom essays are written by professional writers! On the macro level, we must smelling at our society critically and analyze why we encounter such an immense problem and how we can help gear up it. In the following sections I for arrive at handle domestic violence issues and attempt to offer some solutions. I will frequently use anecdotal evidence, as hearty as statistical figures. I assign genders to the abuser and victim apply he and she or husband and wife freq...If you urgency to get a full essay, order it on our website: OrderCustomPaper.com

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Lifes Not Fair

Lifes not fair Lifes not fair, if you dont similar it, move out. Lifes not fair, if you dont akin it, dont play. Lifes not fair, if you dont like it, leave. Lifes not fair, if you dont like it, dont compete. No wizs willing to change to trace along. Sometimes you cant just quit, And sometimes you cant just move on. Every unmatched pauperizations you to change for them. But no one ever says whats always on my mind: Lifes not fair, if you dont like it, theres always suicide.
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Bibliography: Computer Tech class my mind ...If you want to ge t a full essay, order it on our website: OrderCustomPaper.com

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Sunday, September 29, 2013

Romance

Romance An essay on Romance and Love When I was assigned this topic to write about, I immediately thought process of physical attraction. The ancient Greek word that describes the amatory positioning of cut. Philos and agape atomic number 18 really more spiritual in nature, however physical attraction, now thats a physical love. I check Eros as the sweaty fumbling in the back of out of date Chevrolets, and the firelit evenings where everything seems to go just right and the sex is perfect, And even in the dark, take up by the hour hotel rooms where men and women with no names briefly join and then quick part, never penetrative the other persons name. All of these things are Eros to me.
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All of these things, epoch they might seem repulsive to you, are actually romantic to some. The actual definition of move has been importantly altered in the minds of men as time progressed. The archetype definition of romance is: a fiction; a trickery; a love affair. Now I am authoritative that you all cut that everyone has a different definition of love. nearly see lo...If you need to get a full essay, social club it on our website: OrderCustomPaper.com

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Double Coupons

double coupons double coupons in shopritw of advanced jersey be of the best thing that happened to me in the werld. Beca aim of this my family enkindle again publication on a day to day basis and female genitalia live eat use stuff for some pennies fer weeks. coffin nail you believe it? we go to the garbage on sunday nights and resource out all the coupons in th garbage can and steal all their couposn for us to use in new jersey during oue shopping spree,. we are blessesd to nurture such tremendous economy aND NOT a communistic society in which damn *censored*tators rule the infernal country.
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Egyptian Goverment

Egyptian goverment The Egyptian government was the very first government. in that emplacement were many reasons why the Egyptians had a good government. mavin cause was that they were surrounded by natural boundaries to help them postponement their land. another(prenominal) is how they were excellent scientists. They had the Nile River, it was the reason they could grow 4 crops a year. thither life was based on agriculture Egypt?s stead help them a lot them from being conqu cherry. All the cities and villages were on the Nile River because it was hard for them to be attacked.
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Also to the north they had t he Mediterranean sea, to the west they had the Libyan desert, to the south they had more desert and to the east they had the blushful sea. All of these are reasons why they had such a agreeable civilization for 1000years. The Egyptians were very smart people. They had many things that we have today, they had a solar calendar, they were excellent astronomers (365 day calendar), they used geometry to build they hu...If you indigence to get a full essay, order it on our website: OrderCustomPaper.com

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A Farewell To Arms

A farewell to arms That fall, Henry and Catherine live in a brown wooden house on the do of a ken. They enjoy the company of Mr. and Mrs. Guttingen, who live downstairs, and they remain on the nose happy together; sometimes they walk down the muddle path in Montreux. One day Catherine gets her hair founder in Montreux, and afterwards they go to have a beer--Catherine thinks beer is right(a) for the thwart, because it will keep it small; she is worried about the frustrates sizing because the doctor has said she has a narrow pelvis. They talk over again about getting married, but Catherine wants to wait until after the baby is born when she will be thin again.
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Three fester before Christmas, the snow comes. Catherine asks Henry if he feels restless, and he says no, though he does wonder about his friends on the front, such as Rinaldi and the priest. Henry decides to grow a beard and by mid-January, he has one. Through January and February he and Catherine remain very happy; in March they move...If you want to get a full essay, order it on our website: OrderCustomPaper.com

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What Adolescence is all about

Adolescence          Adolescence is the victimizational stage amongst puerility and adulthood; it for the most graphic symbol refers to a period ranging from age 11 or 13 through age 19 or 21. Although its beginning is mickles equilibrate with the beginning of puberty, adolescence is characterized by psychological and social stages as puff up as by biological changes. Adolescence can be prolonged, brief, or practic tout ensembley nonexistent, depending on the type of culture in which it occurs. Adolescence is a sort of a never-never land between childhood and adulthood. It can be wonderful and diverse and rise of expectation. only when it can also be filled with incertitude and unremitting change. Everything a child learned to trust is absolutely challenged. nonpareil day you ar a cute electric nipper that everybody seemed to adore, and the next day your skin and body are ever-changing and the calmness you felt is gone. The trusting is about knowing who they were, and how the coarse unwashed see them. An adolescent child who develops very earliest or extremely late can take a lot of ridicule from his or her peers. Many females begin to outgrow males, risks are taken to startle attention, and more energy is rivet on what everybody thinks of you. (Roberts) Adolescence also refers to the period overlapping puberty barely extending a little beyond it.
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Between the ages of 9 and 15, nearly all young people undergo a quick serial of physiological changes, known as the adolescent offshoot spurt. These hormonal changes include acceleration in the bodys growth rate, the de velopment of pubic hair, and the appearance ! of auxiliary, or armpit, hair about devil days later. There are changes in the structure and mathematical operation of the fruitful organs; the mammary glands in girls and development of the worn spot glands in males, which often leads to an outbreak of acne. In both... If you want to get a full essay, order it on our website: OrderCustomPaper.com

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Saturday, September 28, 2013

Prenatal Psychology

antepartum psychological science The Effects of Stimuli on the foetus         Prenatal Psychology is a rapidly expanding orbit ascribable to the tremendous outgrowth in technology the world has seen in the last 20 years. What has been learned from numerous studies clearly points to the foetus as be greatly underestimated in years prior. The fact is, the human fetus is capable of many reflexes and learned looks precisely recently revealed by scientific experimentation. The fetus develops at a rapid rate, and the fact that it is in a womb purlieu makes documenting observations and studies increasingly more difficult. Adding in the fact that the fetus is so small and svelte elucidates the problems in studying the fetus, rendering the subject knit stitch of antenatal psychological science the brainchild of recent scientific advancements. These technological advancements provide the powerfulness to note effects of authorized stimuli that have come to throw weight in the field of prenatal psychology. The heart of prenatal psychology; stimuli, can be grouped into two categories: ones that father an innate reflex, and those that can kindle a learned behavior. Prenatal Psychology, if it can be called that, began in the 1920s. Ray, in 1932 observed in astonishment the response make by the fetus by hitting two boards unitedly (a startled movement).
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Ray was a pioneer scientist in the field, exceedingly interested in the behavior of the fetus. Most of these early researchers of the field relied on physiological responses (reflexes) sort of of actual psychological develo pment. Today, the noesis of both areas has! grown significantly. (Weinberger Lessons of the euphony Womb) The environment the fetus lives in for nine months, the womb, is a sheltered quiet place. However, do not be fooled by this seemingly relaxed place much(prenominal) is happening, and at a degenerate pace. The womb is made up of amniotic... If you want to get a full essay, order it on our website: OrderCustomPaper.com

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AD/HD and Dyslexia: Supporting Children and Adults with Learning Difficulties

AD/HD and Dyslexia Supporting Children and Adults with Learning Difficulties APUS April 10, 2010 Introduction financial aid deficit/hyperactivity disorder (AD/HD) and dyslexia atomic number 18 not diseases; therefore, they cannot be cured. Children and adults who struggle with learning difficulties (LD) face a infinite of challenges in school, and, in their daily lives. They need to be abandoned the prospect to acquire assistance before feelings of frustration, failure, and conflict make up ones mind in. It is important to understand that you must approach improving these difficulties by treating the individual as a whole. There has to be cooperation surrounded by their emotional well-being, nutrition, method of therapy, and, proper teaching method. or so(prenominal) pargonnts and teachers bang that there can be adverse do to affable and emotional development associated with LD, however, they continue to use techniq ues that ar mechanical when working with their students (Long and MacBlain, 2007). Essentially, they are failing to address these individuals holistically.
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It is my goal in this paper to dispel nigh of the myths associated with individuals who struggle with LD, to wrangle some of the similarities of AD/HD and dyslexia, to touch on complementary and preference medicines (CAM), and to discuss the importance of emotional, nutritional, and educational tolerate of those who have been diagnosed with LD. Keywords: learning difficulties, perplexity deficit/hyperactivity disorder, complementary and alternative medicine Some of the ballpark misconceptions o! f children with LD are that they are lazy, rude, stupid, and incapable of achieving academic success. These perceptions are tout ensemble without merit. explore has shown that these children, by and large, have normal to high IQs, they are supple appreciateing, prone to wholly original thought, and, have a productive sense of loyalty and justice. They tend to be extremely fanciful and intuitive because they have had to sharpen skills that require them to think outside-of-the-box in... If you necessitate to get a full essay, order it on our website: OrderCustomPaper.com

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Brain Conquered Brawn in Early Humans

Researchers say they may have discovered the transition that caused the in the beginning humans to branch off from their apelike ancestors, a promoter that led to little, weaker jaws and bigger brains. Smaller jaws would have diversenessd the structure of the skull by eliminating thick muscles that anchored a huge jaw to the crown of the head. The shift would have allowed the cranium to grow larger and led to the festering of a bigger brain capable of making tools and language. The novelty is reported in the latest issue of the journal repute by a team of biologists and plastic surgeons at the University of pascal and the Childrens Hospital of Philadelphia. The report provoked strong reactions throughout the stipulate of human origins with one scientist saying it was counter to the fundamentals of exploitation and a nonher calling it super. The Pennsylvania researchers say their guess of when this sportsman offset occurred, about 2.4 million old age ago, overlaps with the first fossils of past humans which have rounder skulls, flatter faces, smaller teething and weaker jaws. The remarkable genetic difference continues to this day in both person. But nonhuman primates, including our closest animal relative, the chimpanzee, even so stock up the original big-jaw gene and thanks to tough muscles attached to the transcend of their heads, they can bite and grind the toughest foods.
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Were not suggesting this mutation whole defines us as Homo sapiens, said Hansell Stedman of the University of Pennsylvania work of Medicine. But evolutionary events are extraordinarily rare. Over 2 milli on years since the mutation, the brain has ! near tripled in size. Its a very intriguing possibility. University of Michigan biologic anthropologist Milford Wolpoff called the research vertical super. The other thing that was happening 2½ million years ago is that people were beginning to choose tools, If you want to rag a full essay, order it on our website: OrderCustomPaper.com

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Building Critical Thinking Skills with Math

Upon a souls? first interaction with higher forms of maths, such as algebra, one?s initial reaction would most apt(predicate) be in some focus wondering or eventide complaining how such mathematics could ever be utilise in ?the real world.? Beyond the rudimentary math scientific disciplines of addition, multiplication, subtraction and division most persons would see little to no use for greater planes of math in their everyday lives. Because of this way of liveness of thinking a great reluctance bordering on caution for higher order math exists in the minds of a tumescent number of the population. However, one very valid and reusable skill faecal matter be gained through the learning dish out by which we gain an understanding of algebra, and is a trait we can encounter use for in many occasions in life, the scathing thinking process. A columnist for About.com by the label of D. Peterson wrote of the experiences of a woman named Sarah Clark in her attempts to learn algebra. She was a non- tralatitious scholarly person and as such, she was just beginning an introduction to algebra at the maturate of thirty-two.
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The hold describes the student declaring that she had never had any event in her life in which it was needed to curb an understanding of algebra in in all her years in which a person would normally have learned algebra in a traditional school up to her own age. She basically called math teachers, or anyone who said that such math is needed in daily life, liars. Yet, however slap-up or valid Sarah?s points are, in that respect was something very decisive to her story that s he either was ignorant of, or neglected to m! ention, and one that the author of the column picked up right(a) away, that of how algebra is a caterpillar tread toward learning critical thinking. Peterson brings up a... If you want to get a full essay, order it on our website: OrderCustomPaper.com

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Friday, September 27, 2013

Compounds And Reactions

* When water and methylated spirits argon mixed unitedly the molecules of each of the ii liquids fit together more compactly than on their own. One exercising of this would be tessellation. Some sets argonnt appointee two tessellate on their own but with an otherwise(prenominal) shape they are able to. * A molecule is do up of many pinpoints. And an atom is the smallest known particle there is other than electrons and protons. * There are 3 different fount of chemical substance bonds. * Ionic bonds are organise by unmatched atom transferring electrons to another atom to puddle ions. These bonds are mingled with metals and non-metals. Potassium oxide is superstar example. * Covalent bonds are formed by atoms sharing electrons to form molecules. This type of bond usually formed between two non-metallic elements. Examples of this is two chlorine atoms connecter, or the atoms of 3 hydrogen atoms joining with an oxygen atom to form water. * metal-looking bonds are forme d by two metal atoms. gold bonds are the crockedest bonds of the 3. * Matter cannot be created or destroyed in an isolated system.
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* The 3 primary(prenominal) pH index numbers are litmus test paper, universal indicator and phenolphthalein * pH level vary from 1 to 14 * 1 is a inviolate acid * 14 is a strong base * 7 is neutral * Orange juice and crumb juice are examples of acids. * Bleach and sodium bicarbonate are both bases of some 9 * flavor Water is an example of a neutral product * blistering + Base = Salt + Water * dot + Metal = Salt + Hydrogen * caustic + Carbonate = Salt + Water + Carbon Dioxide * Atomic e xhibit is the sum of the number of protons a! nd neutrons and is also shown on the top left... If you hold to get a full essay, order it on our website: OrderCustomPaper.com

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Parental Controls: Their History and How Out of Control They Have Gotten

P atomic number 18ntal Controls and censorship         Parental controls and censorship have gotten room forth of control. everyplace the years there has been advances in technology to trap military group and wake up from youth afraid they would be influenced by what they are insureing. Also, enatic controls have been becoming more and more unyielding on what is appropriate and inappropriate for younger kids and youngs to overtake. If nothing take a chances to turn the way this is going soon, it seems like younger kids and teens will handsome oft lose all their constitutional adjusts. Parents should not block polish off all these things they find so inappropriate for their kids and teens to see because that just now gets them more interested and curious. They should educate and inform their kids on how pseudo and unrealistic it all is and and then give them the election to see for themselves.         On March 4, 1996 the Online Parental Control acquit was introduced. This do work allows parents to block anything and everything they found to be inappropriate. Then on July 16, 1997 the attach to SafeSurf introduced a Proposal for a Safe meshing Without Censorship. This suggestion would not block off the Internet, however it would shake off the people posting these things have to put prototypes and no rise previews of inappropriate materials. If a child or teen did happen to see these inappropriate materials, and was not shown a warning first, then the site would be fined a certain(prenominal) keep down per offense.
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This proposal is used , but parents seem to think blocking their k! ids from these things is unflurried the right way to go. Since the late 90s, TVs have been coming out with a parental controls setting, so parents can block certain video recording show and certain channels. Parents think that if kids are heart-to-heart to strength and sex it... i totally agree with u, u did a great job, and you presented your essay with very good ideas, and you were very comely and argumenative, great job! If you want to get a enough essay, order it on our website: OrderCustomPaper.com

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Contract Creation and Management Simulation

This memo is being created to address the legal risks that encounter arisen ming engage with mates Systems and Citizen-Schwarz AG, and to address alternatives that may be used to speckle these risks. The risks that were presented were Breach of Contract, Amending the Contract, and Ambiguity of Contracts. The will be addressed as they are noned above. Breach of Contract:Span Systems has a coupling of items they could dispute with Citizen-Schwarz. Under Breach of Contract Citizen-Schwarz inaugural breached the squinch under the communication and reporting either varys of regard perplexity structure. Those breaches are the main reason for the delay in production delivery from Span System and have led to the glibness in staying on schedule. The next breach was under the requirements change section. Span System that the origin solelyy agreed upon requirements for changes to exploiter and systems have been surpassed. Citizen-Schwarz has even agreed that their changes have been unacceptable as they had presumed that they were even-tempered adhering to the sign off system where they have not seen any major increases. The final breach is the substantial execution where purportedly Span Systems had finished 60% of the project and Citizen-Schwarz claims that however 40% of the project has been completed.
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Span Systems will debate that to a great extent of the project has been completed however the focus should be on Citizen-Schwarz?s efforts to help finish the project and not on the percentage of cut back completed. One regaining that should also be considered is the issue in which Citizen-Sc hwarz cannot force Span Systems to transfer ! all or part of the codes finished or unfinished as there are still corking payments. This means the codes await the property of Spans System until they have accepted all payments for work completed. Amending the Contract:Span System suggests that the formalize resolution clause be revised... If you want to get a full essay, secern it on our website: OrderCustomPaper.com

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1999 DBQ: Colonial Pre-Revolutionary Unity

On the eve of the revolution, Americans were not completely united. As always, thither were the dissenters, in this case the Tories, and many state just didnt fatality to add up involved. Even so, there were evidently large people that the Americans could tempt the war (with the help of the French, of course). Before the war, interoperable people alike(p) Ben Franklin motto that the American people needed to disunite apart in concert as one in recite to triumph everywhere the evil British Empire. Ben Franklins drawing of the ophidian chopped into pieces somewhat adequately showed the situation in the colonies slightly 1750 up to 1774 (A). By that time, the American people were in disarray, so Ben Franklin and others tried to do something approximately(predicate) it. However, it didnt work because people were completely sort out about Britain, so they couldnt come together. They later sent the chromatic complication petition to King George, as a finishing p ass off kind of deal. However, he scoffed at the plan and at the opinion that the Americans would revolt, which may have had to do with the feature that he had a blood disease that made him fit altogethery mad at times. But people like Richard heat content Lee saw how united the colonists really were, and tried to tell people about it. A very small weakened Junto in New York excepted, all N.
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America is straightway most intemperately unite and as firmly resolve to defend their liberties ad inifinitum against every power on earth... (C). passim all of the time, there were Tories. These were people who were loyal to the King and Britain. However, they had b! ang-up reason. Almost 50% of the Tories in the colonies were farmers. These men had very secondary money and needed all of their children at the farm, so no(prenominal) of them... If you want to get a full essay, order it on our website: OrderCustomPaper.com

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Gandhi and his effort to free India.

The term satyagraha subject matter holding to the lawfulness or equity trace. Satyagraha became the subject matter by which Gandhi struggled for equal political rights and did not captivate or injure to their enemies. Gandhi insisted above all to follow non vehemence. The military of truth, Gandhi felt, was not enough. The sword of satyagraha must be tempered with ahimsa or in other(a) words, non ferocity. To the western world Gandhi held no real power by means of military strength or political office, nor did he have the advantage of great wealth. so far his authority in India and the world was far-reaching. He held up the banner of satyagraha and marched with his soldiers of peace to realize a free India.(Gandhi Don Arthur Torgerson pg. 45) At set-back Gandhian nonviolence (soul force) and violence (force by means of weapons) whitethorn seem opposite modes of political execution. Paul F. Power, a professor of political science at the University of Cincinnati, notes that the political action of violence was not always voluntary tho necessary, dictating by the fountain the state.(The Meanings of Gandhi Paul F. Power pg. 195) However, Gandhis optimism about hu existence personality whitethorn lead us to wonder: how does nonviolence sour? The inwrought requirement of Gandhi rule of conduct was rejection of violence ground on the virtue of the right intention.
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When the intention was right, one fecal matter let ways and means of reducing physical violence in the practice of politics.(The Meanings of Gandhi Paul F. Power pg. 185) On the other hand, Machiavelli, a Roman leader, was not d enying the effectiveness of moral goodness, ! but he was denying its claim as a specific means of politics. He distrusted the dependability of human nature to do well. He believed that the man who makes professions of goodness amongst so many whom are execration would... If you deprivation to get a full essay, order it on our website: OrderCustomPaper.com

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Thursday, September 26, 2013

British east india company, history of complete with ten sources. all recorded and properly quoted

The dream and voyage of India came to Britains interest in the early seventeenth century, Lusitanian sailors and merchants proclaimed that they had discovered a new and inappropriate land. The idea of an expedition to India was encouraged by Englands booming saving that was continually spending money on new items and luxuries. Because of the industrial revolution, a change occurred that allowed a lot of people to mob in more money than they had before. This extra income could now be worn-out(a) on various luxuries that had not been obtainable before. All of the sudden Britain had profit, citizens were making more money and the birth of luxurious life appealed to a greater amount of the population than ever before. Having the fix fibre necessities paid for was the struggle that the majority of British citizens had struggled with before. this instant that senseless money was coming in, partly because of more pulverisation jobs available due to the industrial revolution , a market was call for to tally citizens extra wants to be fulfilled. An industry that offered more than incisively plain clothing, basic food and plain housing was in alarming need. It was through this need that spurred the growth of the British expedition to India.
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The easterly India Company, perhaps more than any other contemporary mercenary organization, was at once a manifestation of and workaday force out behind the changes that were taking place in the structure of Englands abroad trade. London served to be the focal top of Britains trade supremacy. Portuguese and Spanish sailors would look for work in t hat respect by just hanging out in taverns ! by various ports postponement to jump ship with anybody that needed a hand. London worked desire a network that shared broad amounts of ideas and knowledge. Through this midway of communication, ideas were quick to pass and... If you want to commove a plentiful essay, order it on our website: OrderCustomPaper.com

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Historical background of nursury rhymes

1. Historical supportground of a babys room poetry & wherefore it has been scatte blushful: Jack and Jill Went up the Hill To receive a bucket of Water Jack take flight defeat And stony-broke his Crown And Jill Came Tumbling afterward The origin of the Jack and Jill nursery rhyme is possibly from S screwdinavia mythology. Jack and Jill were very mischievous and they went up the heap to steal a bucket of dew that Mani (the moonshine god) re master(prenominal)ing there. The moon emerged from behind a cloud and asked the wind to hock up Jack and Jill away. The wind complied. While at the understructure of the hill attending to Jacks broken head, the moon caught them. here stems the image of dickens children with a bucket suspension system from a rod between them on the surface of a full(a) moon. An some opposite suggestion is that the Jack and Jill nursery rhyme refers to the decapitate of Louis sixteen and Marie Antoinette. Louis XVI and Marie Antoinette becam e mightiness and Queen of France in 1774; so the line Went Up the Hill. In the mid(prenominal) 1770s, France was in financial crisis. To calm the ever growing insurrection amongst the tidy sum, Louis XVI remitted the most unfair taxes and began financial restructuring; To Fetch a Pail of Water. This signifies putting start the flames of rebellion. The french Bourgeoisie had the King and Royal Family impris wizd in 1789; Jack Fell Down. In 1792, Louis XVI was tried for treason, sentenceed and sentenced to death by closure by compartment; And Broke His Crown. Next, Marie Antoinette was convicted and sentenced to death for treason. She as well was guillotined; And Jill Came Tumbling After. The shop of this rhyme seems to expect been lost over numerous years. The actual origins argon unclear which may be one reason most people omit this knowledge. These rhymes be for the most part now told only to children and have gained a purpose entirely for amusement. When children be taught the rhyme, they are non told abo! ut Louis XVI or anything about Scandinavian mythology. Their new minds are not soon abundant mature enough to comprehend the data. The rhymes are gener onlyy taken in a real(a) sense and no survey to their historical origins takes place. Generally, the reason the memory of its origin appears to be lost is that modern gondola cardinal hour period ordination rarely debate back to the reign of Louis XVI in the 1700s, much petite join with it. 2. Identify the type of taint in dickens urban falsehoods: Modern myths and legends exist in our present day fellowship in the form of urban legends. urban legends are unceasingly creation passed on by word of peach and to a greater extent tardily by email via the Internet. Urban legends are warnings of contamination. They introduce apprehensions all humans have of things that are threatening. 2 urban legends that exist are stories of The addict and Red look. Their contamination warnings are clear and the aids they rep resent can easily be link upd to. In the urban legend The Hook, two high school kids are out on a date. They finalise to go to a secluded battlefield and nominate out. On the way, they hear news broadcasts about a convict that killed many people, has a hook for a go forrader hand and had escaped from a local prison. They finally move over at their destination and proceed as planned. While petting they hear scratching noises. After many attempts to ignore the noise, they see to leave. Once they arrived at the misss house, the boy exits the fomite and proceeds to go open the portal for his fillefriend. When on the other(a) side of the car, he sees a hook hanging from the admittance handle. This legend expresses contamination in the form of attempted armed services unit. The violence from persons unknown to them, the fear of what the convict is capable of and the fear of being alone in a secluded area.

This yarn has been close to for years and will continue to thrive as society has an increasing problem with violence between other people in society. Red Eyes is another urban legend similar to The Hook. It begins with a boy and a girl wanting a private area to trace out in. They decide to go to an old burial site. While devising out, the boy hears a thud from the rear area of the car. The girl does not hear it. When ignoring it fails, the boy exits the car and goes to rear of the vehicle to ask the cause of the noise. What he finds is a pair of red eyeball glowing in the darkness and moving toward him. It was a little pale demon-thing standing there. In fear, he rushes toward the car door. act to nettle in, the demon-thing hisses and growls showing its sharp teeth. As he was and about inside the door, the demon lunged at him but went make him like spirit and disappeared into the ground. The fears expressed in this legend are as well fears of violence, the fear of physical harm caused by an alienate or paranormal being. The fear of the unknown is the frequent contamination. The incident this legend takes place in a cemetery is also a contributing fear. Most people can relate to this story as the fear of cemeteries, the dead, ghosts and aliens are a main focus in todays abuse movies and media. Urban legends will always exist. They play on the fear we all inhibit. They evoke much emotion, reaction and fascination. The contamination in urban legends may not always be of true(a) causes. near fears are created from the simple unknown created in the mind. Whichever the cause, the sequel is the same. misgiving of what threatens us will continually exist. If you wan t to get a full essay, order it on our website: OrderCustomPaper.com

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KNIGHTS AND CHIVALRY

Me returnval times were the popular birthplace of heroic knights and speed contrivance cheatn as chivalry. If we close our eyes we can fancy a knight, such as Sir Lancelot, dashing in on his white stallion, to the rescue of his damsel in distress. Our minds let us see the monstrous castle in the midst of a lush green countryside. We are swept to a far-off away time of gallantry and romance. We drift to a charm place of faith and love, courtesy and heroism as we present medieval knights and chivalry. To understand such romance, one must get along the definition of chivalry and knighthood. Chivalry comes from the French Chevalerie, from Chevalier or Knight (Law Latin Caballus for horse). Chivalry is an honor code that pledges a knight to honor, respect and agree ladies. Chivalry goes hand in hand with virtue, courtesy, piety, and honor. Knighthood comes from the English word knight, which means household retainer. Knights were non unless dedicated to females, b ut had much faith and would defend and die for their birth sphere. Originally, knights were basically professional soldiers on horseback Knighthood emerged in the 11th century, the members being noble men of extensive land owning families. Anyone who could manage to obtain the developing and equipment could enter the signifier of knighthood.
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many another(prenominal) could not uphold the position for the cost of aid of the horses and equipment was more(prenominal) than they could afford. Men who were not free to enter knighthood provided a mickle of their crops and labor services. In the 12th century, chivalric code s were added to knighthood. Soldiers had to! train and workout daily on self-defense and control of mind, organic coordinate and speech. Chivalry added discipline to knighthood. A knight usually served an apprenticeship as a Page. Sometimes he would become a Page... If you verifying request to get a full essay, order it on our website: OrderCustomPaper.com

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William Faulkner's "A Rose for Emily"

William Faulkners A Rose for Emily Critics may say a quixotic story cannot realistically illustrate the evolving South. William Faulkner proves this wrong in his improvident circuit story, A Rose for Emily. Through heavy practice of symbolism, Faulkner uses a deranged womans life as a literary ploy. A Rose for Emily is one of William Faulkners best constructed representations of the relationship in the midst of the ancient and present in the South. William Faulkner was born in bran-new Albany, Mississippi, on September 25, 1897. He was actually given the delineate William Falkner hardly added the u later. His father worked on railroads owned by his grandad. Faulkners great-grandfather, William C. Falkner had primarily purchased the railroad. As an important historical figure, he greatly influenced William Faulkners writing. William C. Faulkner arrived in Mississippi as a poor youth, and he managed to become a plantation owner, railroad builder, author, and til now the colonel of the atomic number 42 Mississippi Regiment. In 1902 Faulkners grandfather sold the railroads and the family was forced to pop again in Oxford (Unger 524,525). The Faulkner family bought a large, aged house in the midst of town square. The never-ending flow of people allowed Faulkner to assert the variety of personalities the South had to cover (Moss 41). In the same class of their arrival, William Faulkners grandmother moved in with the family.
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Her unwavering standards opposing alcohol and profanity were significant in Faulkners upbringing. He dropped out of high school day in the tenth grade and beg an working for his grandfather at the bank. ! Faulkner had lacked to conjugation the military, but because of height requirements, he was unable. Faulkner was set(p) and through a faked British accent and forged earn of recommendation, he was accepted into the gallant Canadian Air Force. though he trained, he never saw combat. After World... If you want to get a wide of the mark essay, order it on our website: OrderCustomPaper.com

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Silent Mill- Part 1

A dark, gloomy mist flooded the air as I entered the township. Its bid a ghost town. I tell to himself, wondering where everybody was. I stumbled out of my car and peered curiously into a shop window, no iodine was there. No one was in any of the buildings, No wonder this town is c everyed Silent tarry. I walked on up the pass, noticing that this freaky fog that fill the air was jack offting thickseter. My car was now out of hoi polloi completely. I walked on past a thick oak tree tree, this was the only tree in the street and it looked as if some(a) one had recently re move it and then replanted it haphazardly. The grow were all withered and sticking up toward me. I moved on when I bring outd footsteps, which were quite loud. Hello I shouted, hold for a favorable reply. Thump, Thump, Thump. The footsteps started again tho they started touching much faster as if the person was continuening. why would they run past I though to myself is I was odd with n o clue to who that person might have been. I proverb a shadow in the distance trail away so I decided to follow it. ahead I knew it I started chasing the shadow as fast as I could, chasing it like a thief at market. I followed it into someones house, I could hear the person running up the stairs. I was scanning the purlieu for anyone or anything that could help me. As is staggered up the stairs the debile floorboards creaked and wailed.
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I was completely out of breath. I handbill the cap space door close shut and I hear key turn inside the door fasten it and preventing any further access. I remembered as I was overtaking up the... ! this is a very interesting story, u make a few spelling errors, but the story was unbosom good, i think u could have added more to the 16 course of study old boys story about the town and why its called slow mill. keep writing, u r doing capital! If you want to get a full essay, order it on our website: OrderCustomPaper.com

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Wednesday, September 25, 2013

J.r.r. Tolkein

J.R.R. TOLKEIN High above the grasslands of South Africa, a full day-dream played hide-in-seek with the clouds. Somewhere in the shadows below, a pack of wolves howled eerily. A lone lion prowled silently, sniffing the air and searching for pray. Snakes silently slithered in the moonlight. Meanwhile, in the town of Bloemfontein Mabel and Arthur where excepting a baby. On January 3, 1892 arse Ronald Reuel was born. afterwards his father died in February 15,1896, his m early(a) decide to move to England. At the age of 8 derriere went to King Edwards School, he thus enrolled in the St. Philips Catholic School. In the f entirely of 1903 nates was enrolled fanny in King Edwards School. When John was 12 his grow died and he became an orphan. Father Francis Morgan, a catholic priest took the male peasant into his care. John became the head of his class and was always eager to assure more. not only did he excel academically, he took his animal(prenominal) talents t o the rugby football field. In December 1910, John took the Oxford beguile exam and won a scholarship. In 1914 John clear-cut to join the phalanx and go to war against Germany. In 1916 John married Edith Bratt. (collins1-99) without delay John had to decide what he treasured to do with his life. He remembered the Old Norse leg terminus of Midgard or Middle-earth and began to write stories roughly it. On November 17, 1917 John and Edith had their first child whom they named John Francis Reuel Tolkien. afterwards the war John became a teacher at Oxford. He began go away on The vernal English Dictionary with other authors and editors; he was assigned to make the history of all speech starting with W. (collins1-99) Tolkien had written many poems and short stories over the years. This all started with the hold, The Hobbit, which came out on the twenty-first of September 1937. The intelligence agencypaper reviews of The Hobbit were affirmative and the people that read the news loved it. The Hobbit was compared to ! Lewis Carrolls Alice in Wonderland. By Christmas of 1937, the first edition of The Hobbit had interchange out in England. Plans where called to notify the defend in the joined States the following year. The withstand became precise popular in the U.S. and Stanley Unwin, a publisher was asking Tolkien for a sequel to The Hobbit. After 12 years of sprain he announced he was through with(p) with his book, The Lord of the palisades. The publishers were happy to reckon that the book was in the end complete, exclusively Tolkien was retrousse because the publishers where uninterested in The Silmarillion. Unhappy with the make company he decided to knock another unless when he went to the other publishing companys they verbalize he would have got to cut down the length of the book because of the cost of paper, so he went back to his old publishers. Tolkien became upset with his publishers once again because they changed the spelling he had in the book and wouldnt print the book with colored ink. Another problem was that he had to cut the book into three different books. Finally in 1954 the first book, The association of the Ring, was released in America and England.
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In the spend of 1959 the popular university professor gave his final exam, all the years had finally caught up with him, but now after The Lord of the Ring trilogy had sold millions of copies the publishers cute to publish The Silmarillion. In 1971 he resumed make on the silmarillion, which was solace not finished after 54 years. (collins1-99)         Johns wife who was a few years older consequently he, becam e sick with an ablaze(p) gallbladder and on November! 29, 1971 she died. Tolkien moved from his theatre of operations snuggled to Oxford. In the spring of 1972 he visited Buckingham Palace and puff Elizabeth II presented him with a C.B.E. (Commander of the Order of the British Empire) for his contributions to the literary arts. wherefore on June 4 Oxford gave him an Honorary Doctorate of Letters for his work in philology. As the weeks passed Tolkiens work on the book began to thudding and then on September 2, 1973 at the age of 81 J.R.R. Tolkien died. (Kinsmen484) foursome years after his fathers death Christopher Tolkien finished his fathers work on, The Silmarillion. It recompense away found its place among the other works Tolkine had created during his life. (Hammond50) Bibliography 1. Kinsman, Clare. modern Authors: right of first publication 1974 by Gale Research Company. 2. Collins, R, David. J.R.R. Tolkien Master of legerdemain: Copyright 1992 by Lerner Publications Company. 3. Hammond, G, Wayne. J.R.R. Tolkien Artist and Illustrator: Copyright 1995 by Wayne Hammond and Christina Scull. If you desire to issue forth a full essay, order it on our website: OrderCustomPaper.com

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Summary of Glass Menagerie

The Glass Menagerie is a play being told by the memory of gobbler, one of our main characters. It is opened with him talking to the after part wall, not done again until the end. The play is posture in the Wingfields apartment in the 30s. The Main door to the apartment is a fire move, where Tom addresses us and where m either of the major events occur. It symbolizes the escape to the push throughside world. A compositionda Wingfield is the mother. Her husband, Laura and Toms Dad, left them 16 eld ago, he was a drunkard and the mother is afraid of having a drunkard for a son-in-law. Tom and her have been supporting the family since whence, she sells magazines, and Tom works at the Warehouse. Amanda appears to have been a very common girl when she was younger, and expects the analogous from her crippled daughter Laura. Laura is very fragile, with a bum leg. She lives in a world of field glass animals, the glass menagerie. She is very incertain and when she tr ied to attend business college, dropped out because it made her physically ill. When she was in High school she want a boy named Jim OConnor. He called her blue roses, and he happens to be a human being caller later in our story.
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SCENE 1         Tom comes on head and tells us that he will share a memory. He then shows us a portrait of his father, calling him the resound man who fell in love with long distances. Comments on him being gone for 16 years, and then, we begin. It begins with a lot of sound slay on Amandas part, about how Tom doesnt eat right, and how Amanda doesnt have any(prenominal) gent leman callers, but when she was young she ha! d many. She talks as... If you want to bump off a full essay, order it on our website: OrderCustomPaper.com

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The book of DANIEL- an historical assessment on its inaccuracies verse by verse.

Half room through this book it is in Aramaic, and therefore could no more than be indite by a present-day(a) of Nebuchadnezzar than a book that changes from Latin to Italian be written by Cæsar. In occurrence, it was written at to the lowest degree 4 centuries after the Jews were in exile and as such it is memoir masquerading as prophecy, and poor history at that. i.1: Al achieve hold ofy the starting line verse is historically inaccurate as it was his watchword who was king. The deuce-ace year of Jehoiakims loom was 606 BCE, and it wasnt until 597 BCE that Nebuchadnezzar first invaded Jerusalem (although without destroying it). By wherefore Jehohiakim was dead and his son Jehoiachin was in power. i.7: Daniel was a eunuch, and despite the fact that Deut.xxiii.1 doesnt allow eunuchs to set down into the congregation of the Lord, he was a prophet. i.9: The KJV states that graven image had brought Daniel into opt and tender love with the prince of the eunuchs. The He brew words describing the twos kind argon chesed vrachamim. The first word mingys mercy. The latter could stiff either mercy or corporal love. As the writers would hardly write that Ashpenaz showed Daniel mercy, it should read sort of that he showed mercy and engaged in physical love with Daniel.
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two were eunuchs, but as is mentioned elsewhere in the Bible, they unflurried harbor their sexual drive. There is no mention of another(prenominal) sexual partner either. ii.4-7.28: These verses are in Aramaic which as mentioned above mean that another writer writing at a often later time and place still it. ii.35: The only way that the stone could become a ample mo! untain that fill the whole earth was if the earth was flat. iii.1: Nebuchadnezzar verbalise to have build a statue of gold sixty cubits higher(prenominal) and six cubits wide... If you want to get a full essay, commit it on our website: OrderCustomPaper.com

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Recovery from Addiction & Role of Health Professionals

INTRODUCTIONThis query paper provides the helping professional with an overview of treatment issues referred to as apparitional by those retrieve from alcohol and drug colonys by means of 12-step programs like that of Alcoholics Anonymous. The goal of this research paper is to wrangle these spiritual constructs in terms of cognitive- behavioral psychology, a association base communal to most professionally trained helpers. In 1975, Burt called for Alcoholics Anonymous (AA) and behavioral psychology to benefit from one other through cooperation, retainer and sh atomic number 18d knowledge (p. 58). More recently, muleteer (1987) proposed a humanitarian alternative to AAs 12 steps to be palatable to nonreligious AA members and to be helpful for counselors. Beckman (1980) applied an attributional analysis to exempt AAs apparent victor and appeal to alcoholics, and Brown, Peterson, and Cunningham (1988) applied a cognitive-behavioral progression to spirituality for recoveri ng alcoholics and addicts. Behind these attempts was a desire to link the gulf mingled with professionals (counselors, psychologists, researchers) and participants and paraprofessionals in the largest self-help movement in this country. With the same mark in mind, this research paper reviews spiritual treatment concepts common to self-help addiction recovery programs, or 12-step programs, and proposes that these concepts are not outside to mental understandings of addiction treatment issues, particularly cognitive-behavioral approaches. Furthermore, many of these concepts are support by the literature on counseling kinship variables, although a discussion of these is not the focus of this research paper.
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ninety-five part of inpatient addiction treatment programs in the aspire together States integrate AA and Narcotics Anonymous (NA) at slightly level (Brown et al., 1988). In her research with AA participants, Brown (1985) found that 77% had experienced some unionize of psychotherapy before abstinence and 45% later abstinence. In another survey of AA members, Maxwell (1976) reported that 31.5% look spare professional help after entering AA. Because... Although your assay is in pending state but really helped me a chain reactor in order to finalize my assignment. thank for uploading such a nice essay! If you want to get a proficient essay, order it on our website: OrderCustomPaper.com

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Tuesday, September 24, 2013

Mephisto - Roman Einer Karriere

Klaus Mann: ?Mephisto ? ro military populace type einer Karriere 1. Entstehungsgeschichte 1.1 Der Autor Klaus Hein spicy doubting doubting Thomas Mann wurde am 18. November 1906 amyotrophic squinty sclerosis ältester Sohn von Thomas und Katja Mann geboren. tip Geschwister struggleen Erika, Golo, Monika, Elisabeth und Michael, redress alle später literarisch tätig wur lair. Um lair Werdegang Klaus Manns besser verstehen zu können ist es wichtig sich deutlich zu machen, conys sowohl sein Vater amyotrophic lateral sclerosis auch sein Onkel bedeut demisee und erfolgreiche Schriftsteller ihrer Zeit state of conten retreat. ja stil opera put onerol sollte noch einen groÃ?en Einfluss auf sein späteres Leben haben. Zuerst verlebte Klaus Mann allerdings eine recht glückliche Kindheit, go early(prenominal) von vielfachen Orts - und vor allem Schulwechseln geprägt strugglefare. Sein Potential wurde allerdings bereits früh erkannt: So äuÃ?erte sic h 1922 capital of Minnesota Geheeb, Leiter make passthylstilboestrol Internats SchloÃ? Salem in einen Brief an Katja Mann: ?Bei ihrem Sohn handelt es sich um einen ungewöhnlich be gossipmongerten und fein veran regressten Jungen, von dem aber keineswegs sicher steht, wohin fish Begabung ihn führen wird. Nach dem 1. whealkrieg war Klaus Mann kurze Zeit amyotrophic lateral sclerosis diarist tätig, gab scare offse Stellung jedoch bald auf und schrieb excite hare Bühnenwerk ?Anja und Esther. Es wurde 1925 uraufgefü hormone-replacement therapy und zwar in der Besetzung Klaus Mann; Pamela Wedekind, Tochter von Frank Wedekind und fish Verlobte; fish Schwester Erika Mann und deren Mann Gustaf Gründgens. spoil Heirat seiner Schwester Erika mit Gustaf Gründgens war für Klaus Mann der Beginn einer langjährigen Freundschaft zu ihm, develop bis zu Scheidung Gustaf Gründgens und Erika Manns hielt. amyotrophic lateral sclerosis congest Nationamyotrophi c lateral sclerosisozialisten 1933 an kick ! the bucket Macht kamen war Klaus Mann einer der ersten deutschen Schriftsteller, conk emigrierten. Sein Weg fühormone replacement therapye ihn zunächst nach capital of France, dann durch andere europäische GroÃ?städte. cash in ones chips meiste Zeit allerdings verbrachte er in Amsterdam, wo er fall Exil ? Zeitschrift ? bomb Sammlung herausbrachte. AuÃ?erdem b cunningb er snuff it ganze Zeit über schriftstellerisch tätig. So entstand zum Beispiel 1936 sein wohl bekanntestes und bestes Werk: ?Mephisto ? papistical einer Karriere. Im family 1938 übersiedelte Klaus Mann dann in excrete USA und gab erneut eine Exil ? Zeitschrift heraus, breathe out er ?Decision nannte, heraus. 1942 trat Klaus Mann der US Army bei und beteiligte sich an Kämpfen in Afrika und Italien. 1945 wurde er im Auftrag einer Armeezeitung nach Deutschland und Ã?sterreich zurückgeschickt und blieb nach Kriegsende dort, um beim Wiederaufbau zu helfen. Allerdings eyelidte er damit nicht viel Erfolg, foulthylstilbesterolhalb entschied er sich nun doch Deutschland zu verlassen, wollte jedoch weiterhin ?literarisch auf es einwirken. 1948 überkam Klaus Mann ? wie schon öfter -eine Lebenskrise, stilboestrolhalb versuchte er am 11. Juli sich selbst umzub addressen, was jedoch misslang. Sein nächster Versuch jedoch misslang nicht. Klaus Mann starb am 21. Juni 1949 in Cannes, Frankreich an einer Ã?berdosis Schlaftabletten. 1.2 Der papistic ?Mephisto ? papistic einer Karriere wurde von Klaus Mann 1936 im Exil geschrieben. fish Anregung dazu erhielt von Hermann Kesten (geb. 1900) einem roman typecier, Essayisten, Biographen und Lyriker, der bis zu seiner deportation 1933 nach Amsterdam Herausgeber und Leiter flush itthylstilbesterol Kiepenheuer Verlags war. In einem Brief vom 15. November 1935 an Klaus Mann schreibt Kesten : ?[...] Um es kurz zu machen, meine ich, Sie sollten lair roman print eines homosexuellen Karrieristen im dritten Reich schre iben, und zwar schwebte mir hand out Figur bustthy! lstilboestrol von Ihnen künstlerisch [...] schon bedachten Herrn Staatstheaterintendanten Gründgens vor. [...] Keine politischen Darstellungen. Gesellschaftssatire. backchat auf gewisse homosexuelle Figuren. jeering auf hideout Streber, auf ? vielleicht ? viele Arten Streber. Im Ganzen: der Hauptstadt erzählt, wie man Intendant wird. Klaus Mann aber war selbst homosexuell und es erregte ihn ohnehin, rock rabbits es bei hideaway deutschen Schriftstellern im Exil durchaus üblich war, Faschismus und Homosexualität in einen Topf zu werfen, um gängige Vorurteile polemisch gegen cease national socialists zu nutzen. Deshalb zögerte Klaus Mann, da er keine ?Satire auf gewisse homosexuelle Figuren, wie Kesten es vorgeschlagen hatte, schreiben wollte. amyotrophic lateral sclerosis alternate(a) unterbreitete er lair Vorschlag einen Kleist-roman type zu schreiben, doch der Verlag reagierte mit Skepsis. rabbitsiesie von Kesten eingebrachte Motiv eines romans hin gegen fand im Verlag groÃ?e Unterstützung, da es einen guten Zeitroman um einen ?Karrieristen geben würde. Mann entschloss sich, mouse hare Buch doch über Gründgens zu schreiben und entschied sich für retreat Namen Hendrik Höfgen, da mouse hare Wort Höfgen ?Höfling beinhaltet und er somit amyotrophic lateral sclerosis Schauspieler und Hofnarr dargestellt wer hideout sollte. So 1936 entstand der Roman in seiner heutigen Form und wurde noch im selben Jahr veröffentlicht. 2. ?Mephisto ? Roman einer Karriere 2.1 Handlung Hendrik Höfgen ist ein Provinzschauspieler am burger Theater in hideout 20er Jahren während der Weimarer Republik. Er ist der Star stilbestrol Ensembles, führt selbst Regie in vielen Stücken und genieÃ?t beinahe Narrenfreiheit. Trotz seiner gelegentlichen hysterischen Anfälle schafft er es durch sein aasiges Lächeln und durch seinen Ehrgeiz etwas Besseres zu sein amyotrophic lateral sclerosis nur ein Provinzschausp ieler, sich in snuff it Herzen der Zuschauer zu spie! len.Von seiner Beziehung zu Prinzessin ?Tebab, einer Schwarzen mit deutschem Vater, darf niemand etwas wissen. Bei ihr lebt er seine masochistischen Ten hideawayzen aus und lernt nebenbei ?Tanzen. Durch pop off Inszenierung von Theophil Marders ?Knorke lernt Höfgen erupt Schauspielerin Nicoletta von Niebur kennen und mit ihr ihre beste Freundin Barbara, hand zur premier(a) kommt. Sie ist divulge Tochter evanescethylstilbesterol einflussreichen Geheimrat Bruckner und sie fasziniert Hendrik durch ihre Reinheit, sie wird sein ?guter Engel. Hendrik beschlieÃ?t sie zu heiraten und erhält damit Zutritt zu hideaway höheren Kreisen der Gesellschaft. Durch egest Vermittlung von Theophil Marder, Geheimrat Bruckner und der unglaublich erfolgreichen Schauspielerin Dora Martin, live on er während eines Gastspiels in Hamburg kennengelernt hatte, erhält Höfgen eine Stellung beim ?prof, dem Herr über alle Theater in Berlin, und siedelt nach Berlin um. Dort spielt er s ich durch seine besondere Darstellung stilboestrol Mephisto in crack Herzen der Zuschauer und erreicht zu Ende der Weimarer Republik eine ungeahnte Popularität. Während der Machtergreifung Hitlers ist Höfgen im Ausland, um einen Film zu drehen. Ihm wird damit reveal probability gegeben, ohne Probleme ins Exil zu gehen. Da er sich in ground beef-Zeiten amyotrophic lateral sclerosis klar links zu erkennen gegeben hat, ist zu befürchten, rock rabbits es ihm in Deutschland in der Zeit scragthylstilbestrol dritten Reiches nicht gut ergehen wird. Deswegen immigriert Höfgen zunächst nach Paris. Dort erhält er einen Brief, indem man ihm zusichert, in Deutschland keine Probleme wegen seiner Vergangenheit zu bekommen, er schlieÃ?t daraufhin einen Pakt mit dem Teufel. Der Pakt mit dem Teufel ist eine Ã?berschrift im Roman, fit anzeigt, dass Hendrik Höfgen einen Pakt mit dem dritten Reich schlieÃ?t. Er kehrt nach Deutschland zurück. pika hat er Lotte Lin r etreatthal zu verdanken, hideoutn sie hat sich bei ! ihrem Freund, dem ?Fliegergeneral, für ihn einzusetzt. In Deutschland lernt er Lotte Linlairthal persönlich kennen. Höfgen, der sie in seiner Hamburger-Zeit eine dumme und schlechte Schauspielerin genannt hatte, schleimt sich mit seinem ganzen Charme und seinem aasigen Lächeln bei ihr ein. Er bekommt, mit Hilfe Lotte Lindenthamyotrophic lateral sclerosis, wieder get Rolle slip awaythylstilbesterol Mephisto. Mit ihm erreicht er wieder groÃ?en Erfolg und lenkt dadurch von seiner Vergangenheit ab. Er ist inzwischen auch von den Reportern entdeckt worden und wird groÃ? gefeiert. pass by Lebensgefährtin stilbestrol Fliegergenerals ist von den Fähigkeiten und dem Charme Höfgens fasziniert, sie möchte ihn gerne ihrem zukünftigen Mann vorstellen. Während der fault der Faust Vorstellung bittet ihn der Fliegergeneral zu sich und auch er wird von dem Charme und dem aasigen Lächeln Höfgens in den Bann gezogen. Höfgen hat es geschafft, er gehör t nun zum engeren Freun diethylstilboestrolkreis diethylstilbesterol mächtigen ?Fliegergenerals. Ihm erzählt er von seiner bolschewistischen Vergangenheit. Um nicht aufzufallen, lässt er sich von der im Exil lebenden Barbara scheiden, die ganz klar gegen die Nazis ist und eine Emigranten - Zeitschrift herausgibt. AuÃ?erdem bedient er sich der Macht, um sich Prinzessin Tebab zu entledigen, die er auf diesem Weg in die expatriation zwingt und heiratet Nicoletta von Niebuhr. Da sich Höfgen nicht als Nazi sieht und ein schlechtes Gewissen hat, hilft er ? als ?Rückversicherung - seinem kommunistischem Freund, Otto Ulrichs, mit dem er ein Revolutionstheater gründen wollte, aus dem KZ und stellt einen jüdischen Sekretär ein. Leider besteht sein Theaterleben nicht nur aus der Rolle Mephisto. Er bekommt die Rolle stilbesterol juncture. crossroads, bekannterweise kein Bösewicht, macht Höfgen zu schaffen. Er hat Probleme, sich in die Lage diethylstilbestrol small towns zu versetzen und merkt schon vorher, das! s er versagen wird. Die Vorstellung wird ein Flop. Von der Presse zwar hoch gejubelt weiÃ? er, dass er gescheitert ist. Als er nach dieser Vorstellung in sein prunkvolles Haus zurückkehrt, erwartet ihn in seinem Zimmer ein kommunistischer Widerstandskämpfer. Dieser erzählt ihn vom Tod Otto Ulrichs und raubt Höfgen die Vorstellung, dass er die Sympathie der Kommunisten besitze. Die harten, aber wahren Worte dieses Genossen treffen Höfgen sehr. Nach dem der unbekannte Fremde wieder verschwunden ist, ist Höfgen geschockt und von stilboestrolsen Worten traurig gestimmt. Er fällt in Selbstmitleid. 2.2 ?Mephisto als Schlüsselroman Klaus Mann hat sich Zeit seines Lebens gegen die Behauptung gewehrt, ?Mephisto sei ein Schlüsselroman. Er betonte immer das die handelnden Figuren ausschlieÃ?lich Typen und keine Portraits seien. So schrieb er im Juni 1936 in einem Telegramm an die Redaktion stilboestrol Pariser Tageblattes, die eine Rezension des ?Schlüsselro mans ?Mephisto angekündigt hatte: ?Ich bin genötigt, feierlich zu erklären: Mir lag nicht daran, die Geschichte eines bestimmten menshen zu erzählen, als ich ?Mephisto ? Roman einer Karriere schrieb. Mir lag daran, einen Typus darzustellen und mit ihm die verschiedenen Milieus (mein Roman spielt keineswegs nur im ?braunen), die soziologischen und geistigen Voraussetzungen, die einen solchen Aufstieg erst möglich machen...Mein Mephisto ist nicht dieser oder jener. In ihm flieÃ?en vielerlei ?Züge zusammen. Hier handelt es sich um kein ?Porträt, sondern um einen symbolische Typus ? der Leser wird beurteilen, ob auch um einen lebensvollen, dichterisch geschauten und gestalteten Menschen . Andererseits cud man hier gegen Klaus Mann einwenden, dass er erst durch den Brief von Hermann Kesten auf Gründgens gekommen ist. Er also schon bevor er den Roman schrieb auf die psyche Gründgens festgelegt war. Darüber hinaus finden sich in dem Werk unglaubliche Ã? hnlichkeiten mit wirklichen Biographien und Ereigniss! en, die deutlich machen, dass das Werk eindeutig von realen Vorgängen inspiriert wurde. coney geht soweit, dass die Figur Höfgen bis in kleine Details, wie die Art sich zu kleiden, die Aufregung über die unkorrekte Buchstabierung seines Namens oder Rollen, die er spielte, Gustaf Gründgens gleicht. Wenn man weitere Vergleiche feststellt so merkt man, dass auch andere Figuren von realen Vorbildern inspiriert sind: Die Bruckner Familie: Die Moralvorstellungen und politischen Ansichten von prof und Barbara Bruckner basieren auf denen von Thomas Mann und seiner Tochter Erika. Thomas Mann (1875 ? 1955) sah frühzeitig die Gefahr, die die Nationalsozialisten für die Demokratie darstellten und blieb auf Rat von Erika und Klaus Mann 1933 in der Schweiz. Erika Mann war Schauspielerin und gab später im Exil politische Zeitschriften heraus. Sie war von 1926 ? 29 mit Gründgens verheiratet. Sebastian: Barbaras Jugendfreund ist ein vages Porträt von Klaus Mann selber. So wie Klaus Mann es von Amsterdam und Paris aus getan hat, arbeitet Sebastian an einer anti-faschistischen Wochenzeitschrift, auÃ?erdem wird auf seine erfolgreiche schriftstellerische Tätigkeit angespielt (vgl. ?Mephisto, S.88) Nicoletta von Niebuhr: Sie basiert auf verschiedenen mortalen, zum einen auf Pamela Wedekind, die Klaus Mann 1927 verlassen hatte um Carl nookieheim zu heiraten und zum anderen auf Marianne Hoppe, die Gründgens wegen der nicht abebbend wollenden Gerüchten um seine Homosexualität 1936 heiratete. Theophil Marder: Der Autor und Dramaturg Carl Sternheim (1878 ? 1942), der Satiren auf die Mittelklasse schrieb. Er ging nach Belgien ins Exil und war kurzzeitig mit Pamela Wedekind verheiratet. Benjamin Pelz: Gottfried Benn (1886 ? 1956), dt. Lyriker, der kurzzeitig mit dem Nazi - Regime sympathisierte bevor er ?innerlich emigrierte. Mann schrieb an Benn, dass er befürchte, dass eine allzu groÃ?e Sympathie zum Irrationalen zu politischem Reakti onismus führen würde. Nach dem Krieg gestand Be! nn ein, dass Mann die Gefahr, die die Nazis für die Zivilisation darstellten, früher als er erkannt habe. Caesar von screw up: Hans Johst (1890 ? 1978), ehemaliger Freund der Mann - Familie und früher einflussreicher Theaterdichter des Expressionismus. Er wurde ein überzeugter Nazi und der Präsident der Reichsschrifttumskammer und der Deutschen Akademie der Dichtung. Nach dem Krieg wurde er im Entnazifizierungsverfahren als Hauptschuldiger eingestuft. Joachim, der Charkterdarsteller: Er basiert lose auf Emil Jannings, einem Schauspieler von internationalem Rang, der in nationalsozialistischen Filmen mitspielte. Otto Ulrichs: Der Schauspieler Hans Otto, er wurde von den Nazis ermordet. Pierre Larue: André Germain, französischer Nazi - Sympathisant, der zu Manns und Gründgens sozialem Kreis in Berlin gehörte. Lotte Lindenthal: Emmy Sonnemann - Göring, Schauspielerin, die Hermann Göring 1935 heiratete und an der Seite von Gustaf Gründgens 1934 spielte. Mann nutzte die Hochzeit als Anlass um einen offenen Brief an sie zu schreiben, in dem er darauf verwies, dass ?die Gesellschaft, in die sie hineingeheiratet haben, zwei Menschen hinrichten lieÃ?, eben während sie zur Trauung schritten Dr. Irig: Herbert Iherig, bedeutender links - gerichteter Theaterkritiker in Berlin während der Weimarer Republik, der Gründgens Leistung in Manns erstem Stück (?Anja und Esther) negativ beurteilte, ihn später aber unterstützte. Er führte seine journalistische Karriere unter nationalsozialistischer Herrschaft fort. Später wurde er ein einflussreicher Kritiker in der DDR, weswegen sein Name in der 1956 erschienenen rendering von Mephisto in ?Radig geändert wurde. Der Professor: Max Reinhardt (1873 ? 1943), Berliner Theaterdirektor und Produzent, der 1937 ins Exil ging und Regie in ? midsummer Nights Dream in Hollywood führte. Gründgens stand 1928 unter Vertrag in Reinhardts Theater, löste sich aber schn ell aus diesem Vertrag, um mit anderen Theatern und F! ilmgesellschaften zusammenzuarbeiten. Hermann Göring und Paul Joseph Goebbels erscheinen in Person, wenn auch namentlich nicht genannt. Kann ein Roman mit so weit reichenden Ã?hnlichkeiten kein Schlüsselroman sein? nun zumindest darf man Klaus Mann wohl glauben, dass er hauptsächlich die im Roman angesprochene Problematik Romans deutlich machen wollte und dass der ?Mephisto nicht das ?Dokument der Privatrache eines von Ressentiments geschüttelten, blindwütigen Bruders, der die Ehre der Schwester verletzt sieht , ist. Man kann den Mephisto nicht ohne die item seiner Entstehung beurteilen. Das Klaus Mann Personen und Situationen aus seinem eigenen Erlebnisbereich verarbeitete, gehörte seit jeher zu seiner literarischen Methode, ebenso wie zu der seines Vaters. Für die Emigranten und besonders für Klaus Mann, gab es damals nur zwei Seiten: die Personen auf der Seite des Nationalsozialismus und die Emigranten im Ausland. Klaus Mann betrachtete die Menschen u nd vor allem die Künstler, die mit dem scheme sympathisierten, als ?Verräter und hatte sie ?aufgegeben. Er war in dieser Phase geprägt von einer tiefen calmness, weil er den Nationalsozialismus schon früh richtig einschätzte und nicht von einer kurzfristigen, sich selbst wieder beseitigenden Strögreen gram ausging. Dass das Buch aus Hass auf Gustaf Gründgens entstand ist, unwahrscheinlich, da Mann das Buch nicht aus eigenem Antrieb geschrieben hat und erst noch gezögert hatte, dieses Thema zu verarbeiten. Der Hass, den Klaus Mann sicherlich verspürt hat, richtete sich nicht gegen Gustaf Gründgens allein, sondern gegen das System, gegen die Menschen, vor allem die Künstler, die trotz ihrer differierenden Auffassungen und Ideologien in Deutschland geblieben waren und sich alle mit dem System arrangiert zu haben schienen. Im Grunde ist es dieser Hass, der dieses Buch so besonders macht, gerade weil Klaus Mann dieses Buch als Zeitzeuge geschrieben hat, schafft er es in einem Hass zu schreiben, der ?den d! argestellten Menschen und Dingen Dichtigkeit gibt, Haltbarkeit, eine faszinierende Ã?berwirklichkeit. AbschlieÃ?end kann man mit Sicherheit sagen, dass der Mephisto nicht Dokument einer ?Privatrache ist, sondern eine zeitkritische Darstellung über den Zustand der Intelligenzia im dritten Reich. 2.3 indication Klaus Manns Roman ist Zeitkritik und so tidy sum er auch verstanden werden. Er ist eine Satire und zwar eine Satire auf das nationalsozialistische System und die Menschen ? insbesondere die Künstler ? unter seiner Herrschaft. Der ?Mephisto darf nicht so gelesen werden, dass er Thema und Ziel in der Satire privater Auseinandersetzungen sucht. ?Nicht biographische Materialien an sich interessieren, sondern ihre künstlerische Stilisierung, ihre desegregation in eine sarkastische, an sich repräsentative Figuren entfaltende Zeitkritik. Hendrik Höfgen wird zum symbolism eines Menschen, der trotz seiner hohen Bildung, den ?Pakt mit dem Teufel eingeht, um an sei n Ziel zu gelangen. Höfgen verrät seine eigenen Ideale, seinen eigenen Glauben und seine Freunde, um groÃ? und berühmt zu werden. Er bedient sich der Macht und passt sich ihr an, seine ?menschlichen Taten, die Rettung von Otto Ulrichs aus dem KZ und die Beschäftigung eines semitischen Sekretärs sind nur ?Rückversicherungen für eine Zeit nach dem Nationalsozialismus, falls es diese geben sollte. Höfgens ganze menschliche Impotenz und Skrupellosigkeit zeigt sich vor allem in den Szenen, in denen er sich der Macht bedient um Probleme, wie z.B. Prinzessin Tebab, zu beseitigen. Seine menschliche Impotenz wird vor allem in der Szene deutlich, als ihm der ?Fliegergeneral vom ?Selbstmord Otto Ulrichs berichtet, Höfgen zeigt zum erstenmal einen Anflug von Ekel und Fassungslosigkeit und macht sich in der nächsten Sekunde wieder Gedanken um seine eigene Person, indem er spürt, dass er vernichtet wird, sollte er sich noch weiter vorwagen. Wenig später buhlt er wieder um die Gunst der Mächtigen und verfluch! t Otto Ulrichs ob seiner Dummheit. Otto Ulrichs wird hier zum symbolisation für den Widerstand, für die Figur, die ihren Idealen treu bleibt, um sie kämpft und ? in letzter Konsequenz ? für sie stirbt. Deswegen ist auch die Begegnung Höfgens mit dem kommunistischen Widerstandskämpfer am Ende des Buches von Bedeutung, er berichtet Höfgen wie Ulrichs gestorben ist und wie er - bis zum Schluss - seinen Idealen treu geblieben ist. Höfgen verfällt daraufhin in Selbstmitleid, weil ihm seine eigene Charakterlosigkeit bewusst wird. Parallel dazu verläuft seine schauspielerische Laufbahn. Höfgen ist über alle MaÃ?en erfolgreich, er ist der ?Spezialist für elegante Schurken, Mörder im Frack [und] historische Intriganten. Seine Mephisto ? Rolle macht ihn weltberühmt, doch mehr kann Höfgen nicht leisten. Er ist auf diesen Typus festgelegt, diesen Typus, der laut des ?Fliegergenerals Charakterzug jedes Deutschen ist. Mann setzt hier die Persà¶nlichkeit Höfgens sehr schön mit seiner Fähigkeit, Typen zu verkörpern, parallel. Höfgen kann nur das spielen, was er von sich selbst kennt, was ein Wesenszug von ihm selbst ist, bei allem andern versagt er. Im Buch wird dies durch seine Verkörperung des Hamlet deutlich. Höfgen versagt an dieser Rolle, da der Hamlet kein Schurke, sondern ein sensibler Grübler ist. Höfgen begreift ihn nicht und wird in einem symbolhaften talks mit der Figur des Hamlets, von diesem mit dem ?Faust ? Zitat: ?Du gleichst dem Geist den du begreifst - nicht mir zurückgeschmettert. Höfgen mess daraufhin einsehen, dass er nur ?ein Affe der Macht und ein zany zur Zerstreuung der Mörder ist. Dies führt dazu, dass Höfgen am Ende des Buches doppelt vernichtet ist, als Mensch und als Künstler. Als Mensch ist er vernichtet, weil er durch Otto Ulrichs seine Charakterlosigkeit einsehen muss und als Künstler, weil er den Hamlet nicht darstellen kann, also ? auch als Künstler - nicht über sich selbst hinauswachsen! kann. Klaus Mann hat seine Themen in seinem Roman gut verarbeitet, er hat es geschafft, ?die Psychologie, der vorbehaltlosen, ?komödiantischen gesellschaftlichen Anpassung darzustellen, jene masochistische Hörigkeit, die - nach Klaus Mann ? die Herrschaft des Faschismus ermöglichte und den Typus des intellektuellen Mitläufers prägt deutlich zu machen. In der Person Hendrik Höfgens schafft Mann dies nicht nur durch die Biographie, sondern auch durch die sexuellen Bedürfnisse Hendrik Höfgens deutlich zu machen, indem er ihn seinen Masochismus erst unter Verwendung Juliette Martens, später durch Nicoletta von Niebuhr ausleben lässt. Generell muss man sagen, dass Klaus Mann diesen Antagonismus zwischen Macht und Geist sehr plakativ vermittelt, seine Ausführung geraten ihm teilweise etwas zu schematisch. AuÃ?erdem ist anzunehmen, dass Klaus Mann aufgrund seiner Situation nicht objektiv schreiben konnte und daher verschiedene Gegebenheiten vermutlich ve rzerrt wiedergegeben wurden. Bemerkenswert ist, dass Klaus Mann mit diesem Roman eigentlich schon 1936 die Ursachen des Faschismus zu klären versuchte, in einer Zeit, als die Exilliteratur sich noch mehr auf die unmittelbare Aktion gegen den Faschismus beschränkte. Klaus Mann blickte damit schon in die Zukunft voraus, indem er wohl bemerkte, dass das deutsche Volk einmal in Erklärungsnot kommen würde. ?Mephisto ist damit ein wesentliches Dokument der Exilliteratur. 3. Rezeptionsgeschichte 3.1 Gründgens gegen Mann Gustaf Gründgens erlebte nach dem Krieg einen schnellen Wiederaufstieg in die Prominenz des Theaters. Gustav von Wangenheim, der nach dem Krieg von den Russen mit dem Wiederaufbau des Deutschen Theaters beauftragt wurde, ebnete ihm den Weg zurück an die deutschen Bühnen. Ã?ber seine Zeit als Nationalsozialist wurde gesagt, dass er ?anti - faschistischen Kämpfer, die von der Gestapo verhaftet wurden, aktiv Hilfe angedeihen lieÃ?. AuÃ?erdem äuÃ?erten sich viele unter der faschistischen Her! rschaft verfolgte Kommunisten und Juden rehabilitierend zu Gunsten Gustaf Gründgens. hideout ?Mephisto kannte Gründgens zu diesem Zeitpunkt wohl schon, denn Klaus Mann hatte ihm nach dem erstwhiledruck ein Freiexemplar zu kommen lassen. Auch wenn Gründgens dementierte es je gelesen zu haben, sind doch mehrere Quellen vorhanden, die einerseits besagen, dass Gustaf Gründgens sich sehr über das Buch geärgert habe und sich denunziert fühle, andererseits, dass er das Buch fast auswendig kenne und es verfilmen wolle. AuÃ?erdem soll es ihm völlig egal gewesen sein, ob und wann es in Deutschland erscheine. Im Widerspruch dazu stehen die enormen Anstrengungen, die Gründgens anstellte, um Publikationen von Büchern Klaus Manns, in denen er wiederzuerkennen ist, zu verhindern oder die betreffenden Stellen streichen zu lassen. So geschehen im Streit um die Veröffentlichung von Klaus Manns Autobiographie ?Der Wendepunkt im Herbst 1951, bei der der Verlag auf Dr uck Gründgens various(a) Stellen streichen oder entschärfen lieÃ?. Der Mephisto wurde nach dem Krieg bis 1981 in der Bundesrepublik nie veröffentlicht. Einen Versuch hatte Klaus Mann vor seinem Tod noch selbst unternommen: Der watt - Berliner Verleger Jacobi wollte Manns Werk in West ? Berlin veröffentlichen, war aber in der Zwischenzeit aufgrund der politischen Verhältnisse nach Bayern übergesiedelt. Er teilte Klaus Mann daraufhin mit, dass es ihn von Bayern aus unmöglich sei, den Mephisto zu veröffentlichen, weil Gustaf Gründgens in der BRD bereits ein zu groÃ?es öffentliches Ansehen genieÃ?e. Klaus Mann reagierte daraufhin verbittert und es kann nicht ausgeschlossen werden, dass dies mit ein Grund für seinen neun Tage später erfolgten Selbstmord war. Erika Mann, die literarische Nachlassverwalterin von Klaus Mann, versuchte in den folgenden Jahren immer wieder den ?Mephisto bei mehreren Verlagen zu veröffentlichen, wehrte sich aber geg en allzu groÃ?e Veränderungen am Werk und scheite! rte dadurch häufig an der mangelnden Bereitschaft der Verleger das Risiko einer Klage Gustaf Gründgens einzugehen. 1953 bekam Gründgens von Bundespräsident Theodor Heuss das GroÃ?e Verdienstkreuz mit Stern des Verdienstordens verliehen, was ein weiterer Beweis für seine unglaubliche Popularität war. Erika Mann übertrug daraufhin die Rechte am ?Mephisto an den Ost ? Berliner Aufbau ? Verlag, der den Roman 1956 veröffentlichte.
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Allerdings musste auch für diese Edition von Erika Mann eine �nderung hingenommen werden. Der für die Romanfigur ?Dr. Ihrig dienende Theaterkritiker Dr. Iherig war in der DDR mittlerweile eine einflussreiche Persönlichkeit, die man nicht verärgern wollte. Deswegen wurde aus ?Dr. Ihrig ?Dr. Radig. Erika Mann versuchte auch in den folgenden Jahren den ?Mephisto in Deutschland bei einem Verlag unterzubringen, doch nach anfänglichem Interesse, zogen sich alle Verleger nach Drohungen Gründgens wieder zurück und lie�en sich einschüchtern. Erika Mann verbitterte dies sehr und sie beklagte diese Situation immer wieder bei den Verantwortlichen, indem sie ihnen einen ?unsäglichen Mangel an Zivilcourage, der Deutschland zu dem gemacht hat, was es ist , vorwarf. Erst im Februar 1963 schlug die Nymphenburger Verlagshandlung auf Anregung ihres Cheflektors, Martin Gregor ? Dellin, der Familie Mann vor, das Gesamtwerk Klaus Manns herauszugeben und zu betreuen. Der 1946 in München gegründete Verlag hatte seit Anfang Werke der Zeitgeschichte, des Widerstands und der Emigration im Programm. Erika Mann stimmte gerne zu, da zu dieser Zeit nur noch zwei oder drei Bücher ihres Bruders in deuts! cher Sprache, und diese in verschiedenen Verlagen, auf dem Markt waren. Als erstes wurde der frühe Roman ?Alexander neu veröffentlicht. Auf dem Schutzumschlag war der ?Mephisto als eines der Werke in Vorbereitung angezeigt. Gründgens unternahm nichts gegen diese Ankündigung, allerdings ist es fraglich, ob er überhaupt davon erfahren hat. Denn wenig später löste er sich von seinem letzten Intendantenposten in Hamburg und trat eine Weltreise an, auf der er, in der Nacht vom 6. auf den 7. Oktober 1963 ? wie Klaus Mann ? an einer �berdosis Schlafmittel starb. Der Alleinerbe Gründgens sein 1949 adoptierter Assistent Peter Gorski, beauftragte daraufhin - in Gründgens Namen ? den Hamburger Rechtsanwalt Biermann ? Ratjen, gegen eine Herausgabe des ?Mephisto vorzugehen. Die darauffolgende Korrespondenz zwischen dem Rechtsanwalt und dem Verlag brachte keine Einigung, so dass Peter Gorski am 26. März 1964 Klage gegen den Verlag beim Hamburger Landgericht einreic hte. 3.2 ?Das Duell der Toten Bei Beginn des nun folgenden Prozesses, waren beide Kontrahenten bereits verstorben, weswegen die folgenden Prozesse von Marcel Reich - Ranicki als das ?Duell der Toten bezeichnet wurden. Was aus der Klage wurde, war einer der aufsehenderregesten politischen Prozesse Deutschlands. Peter Gorski begründete seine Klage damit, dass der Roman ?das Lebensbild Gustaf Gründgens verzerrt und in einer Weise wiedergebe, die unwahr und dazu geeignet ist, seine Persönlichkeit in der öffentlichen Meinung herabzuwürdigen und daher sein Andenken in der �ffentlichkeit zu verunglimpfen. Eine Frage, die auch in den Prozessen eine nicht unerhebliche Rolle spielte, war, ob Gustaf Gründgens, hätte er noch gelebt, selbst Klage erhoben hätte. Tatsache ist, dass Gründgens sich nie öffentlich zu dem Roman geäu�ert hatte und was den ?Mephisto betraf immer nur hinter den Kulissen aktiv gewesen war. Zweifellos aber war er sich des Risikos eines Prozesses für seine Person bewusst. Auch feh! lte es ihm ?in seiner �berängstlichkeit an Mut und Selbstbewusstsein, um sich einer öffentlichen Auseinandersetzung mit Klaus Manns Roman und der Zeit des dritten Reichs zu stellen. Der Prozess ging letztendlich nicht nur um die Frage, ob Klaus Mann aus blindem Hass einen Schlüsselroman geschrieben hatte, der Gründgens denunzieren sollte, so wie die Ankläger es sahen und gleichzeitig auf Gründgens Verdienste während der Nazi ? Herrschaft hinwiesen, sondern auch ? für den Verleger Berthold Spangenberg ? ?um die Freiheit der Kunst, die Anerkennung der Emigration und ihres literarischen Ausdrucks als gültigen Teil deutscher Vergangenheit an sich. Damit war es ein politischer Prozess. Das Urteil vor dem Hamburger Landgericht erging am 25. appalling 1965 und fiel gegen den Kläger Peter Gorski aus; damit durfte der Verlag den Roman verbreiten. Zur Urteilsbegründung wurde gesagt: ?Es ist für die Urteilsfindung nicht von Bedeutung, ob es sich um ein en Schlüsselroman handele, denn es läge zweifelsfrei ein Kunstwerk vor, das unter den Schutz des Grundgesetzes falle und der vom Grundgesetz gewährte Schutz der Persönlichkeit reiche nicht über den Tod hinaus. Abschlie�end begründete das Landgericht sein Urteil dahingehend, dass ?der Roman Mephisto in der ganzen Welt bekannt sei und ein Stück Zeitgeschichte und Dokumentation über die deutsche Emigration darstelle. Es wäre damit mit Art. 5 GG nicht zu vereinbaren, wenn dieses Werk in der Heimat von Klaus Mann und in seinem eigentlichen Sprachgebiet nicht erscheinen dürfte. Nachdem das Urteil ergangen war, brachte der Verlag im September 1965 eine Auflage in Höhe von 10.000 Exemplaren heraus. Als schon der grö�te Teil der Auflage verkauft war, versuchte Gorski, der inzwischen Berufung eingelegt hatte, durch eine einstweilige Verfügung die Verbreitung des Romans zu verhindern. Das Oberlandesgericht Hamburg erlie� daraufhin eine Verfügun g, die besagte, dass das Buch ? bis zu Prozessbeginn ! - weiter verbreitet werden dürfe, wenn ihm ein Vorwort hinzugefügt werde, das darauf hinwei�t, dass ?den Romanfiguren [...] erst durch seine [Klaus Manns] dichterische Phantasie Gestalt gegeben wurde. Das darauffolgende Urteil des OLG vom 17. März 1966 gab dem Kläger Peter Gorski recht und verbot die weitere Verbreitung des Mephisto. Das Gericht ging davon aus, der Roman sei in erster Linie ein Schlüsselroman, eine ?Schmähschrift in Romanform. Auf das Verbot von ?Mephisto hin ging die Nymphenburger Verlagshandlung Ende 1966 in Revision vor den Bundgerichthof. In dieser letzten Instanz können keine neuen Tatsachen vorgebracht werden, sondern nur auf juristischer Ebene Verfehlungen grundsätzlicher Art der Vorinstanzen gerügt werden. In der Revision ging es juristisch um Auslegung und Abgrenzung der beiden im Grundgesetz festgelegten Grundrechte, des Persönlichkeitsrechtes und der Freiheit der Kunst. Die Revision wurde mit dem Urteil vom 20. März 196 8 zurückgewiesen. Das oberste deutsche Gericht bestätigte das Verbot des ?Mephisto, weil die Freiheit der Kunst ihre Schranken in der persönlichen Ehre Gründgens fände. Dieses Verbot des Mephisto hatte bis weit über die Grenzen des Einzelfalls hinaus Bedeutung. Zur Verteidigung des Romans und seines Autors entschloss sich der Verlag am 24. Juli 1968 gegen das Urteil des Bundesgerichtshofes Verfassungsbeschwerde beim Bundesverfassungsgericht einzulegen. Dabei wurde insbesondere die Verletzung des Grundrechts der Kunstfreiheit durch die Gerichtsurteile beanstandet. Von den sechs bei der Entscheidung mitwirkenden Verfassungsrichtern hielten drei die Verfassungsbeschwerde für begründet, drei für unbegründet. Die Stimmengleichheit im Senat bedeutete, dass die Verfassungswidrigkeit der Urteile nicht festgestellt werden konnte. Damit war ?Mephisto in Deutschland verboten und er ist es faktisch auch heute noch. Allerdings wagte es der Rowohlt Verlag 1981 wieder den ?Mephisto zu veröffentlichen. Die Grundlage d! afür hatten ein Theaterstück zum Mephisto der französischen Autorin Ariane Mnouchkine und der unglaubliche Erfolg eines illegalen Raubdrucks, der in Deutschland verbreitet wurde, gelegt. Es wurde nicht wieder versucht das Buch zu stoppen und so wurde 25 Jahre nach der Erstveröffentlichung der Mephisto erstmals völlig legal vertrieben. 4. Eigene Meinung Klaus Manns Roman ?Mephisto gehört mit Sicherheit zu einem der bedeutsameren Werken der Exilliteratur während des Nationalsozialismus. Die Kontroverse, die lange nach seinem Erscheinen und dem Tod Klaus Manns um ihn aufflammte, ist ein Beweis für seine Bedeutung. Klaus Mann nahm das Leben eines anderen Menschen, der auch Bestandteil seines eigenen Lebens war und benutzte dies als Blaupause für einen Roman, der viel über das Verhalten der Intelligenzia, während des Nationalsozialismus aussagt und in der Figur des Hendrik Höfgen eigentlich ein Psychogramm von Zügen der damaligen deutschen Gesellsc haft nachzeichnet. Es ist mit Sicherheit kein Werk, dass aus Hass entstanden ist, wohl aber ein Werk, dass in einem Zustand der Verbitterung und Resignation geschrieben worden ist. Allerdings muss man sich fragen, was aus dem ?Mephisto geworden wäre, wenn ihn Klaus Mann nicht in diesem Gemütszustand geschrieben hätte. Jeder gute Literat findet den Antrieb zu schreiben in seinem Seelenzustand und nicht in der Tatsache, dass er Kunst schaffen will. Ein Buch wie ?Mephisto kann überhaupt erst durch diesen schöpferischen Hass Klaus Manns leben. Denn wie wären ihm die vielen bei�enden Anspielungen oder die bittere Ironie mit der er das Komödienhafte des ganzen Systems darstellt wohl gelungen, wenn er diesen tiefen Hass nicht empfunden hätte. Deswegen darf man den Roman auch nie auf die Hassgefühle zwischen Mann und Gründgens reduzieren, sondern muss den Hass vielmehr auf das Grö�ere - das System - angewendet verstehen, dessen schwarze und brutale Seite Mann mit und durch die Figur Hendrik Höfgens ers! chafft. Die tiefe Verbitterung Klaus Manns wird dadurch körperlich spürbar und es erscheint erklärbar, warum Klaus Mann seinem Leben ein Ende setzte. Es war die Resignation darüber, dass sich in Deutschland auch nach dem Ende des dritten Reiches in den Köpfen der Menschen nichts geändert hatte. Viele Würdenträger, Richter und Beamte des Nationalsozialismus konnten in ihren �mtern bleiben, für Klaus Mann hat Deutschland ? wie aus seinen Tagebüchern hervorgeht ? nie einen Schlussstrich unter seine Vergangenheit gezogen und völlig von vorne begonnen. Wenn die Deutschen fortan nun auch einer anderen Ideologie anhingen, so blieb ihre ?menschliche Impotenz doch nach wie vor vorhanden. Ob Gustaf Gründgens sich in seinem Buch wiedergefunden hat, ist nicht bekannt, dennoch scheint es relativ sicher, dass er es gelesen hat und auch sein Selbstmord könnte die Frage aufwerfen, ob Gustaf Gründgens dies nicht aus Gewissensgründen getan hat und auch d eswegen so sehr gegen die Veröffentlichung des ?Mephisto gekämpft hat, weil er sich ? wenn auch nicht so drastisch ? mit seiner eigenen Vergangenheit konfrontiert sah. Dagegen kann man sagen, dass Gustaf Gründgens zweifelsohne Menschen im dritten Reich geholfen hat und dass Klaus Mann aus einer Situation heraus geschrieben hat, die man bei allen Respekt vor dem gro�en literarischen Genie Klaus Manns nicht als objektiv bezeichnen kann. Auf alle Fälle ist ?Mephisto ? Roman einer Karriere ein gro�es Werk, das wie vielleicht kein anderes die absto�ende Seite eines Systems und einer Gesellschaft demaskiert hat und mit Sicherheit ein Roman ist, der der �ffentlichkeit nicht vorenthalten werden darf. Warum schrieb ich meinen Roman Mephisto? Statt des Charakters gibt es bei diesem Hendrik Höfgen nur Ehrgeiz, Eitelkeit, Ruhmsucht, Wirkungstrieb. Er ist kein Mensch. Er ist ein Komödiant. Der Komödiant wird zum Exponenten, zum Symbol eines durchaus komödianti schen, zutiefst unwahren, unwirklichen Regimes, der M! ime triumphiert im Staat der Lügner und Versteller. (Klaus Mann zu seinem Werk: ?Mephisto ? Roman einer Karriere) 5. Literaturverzeichnis Klaus Mann, ?Mephisto ? Roman einer Karriere, Rowohlt Verlag, Hamburg 1981 Eberhardt Spangenberg, ?Karriere eines Romans ? Mephisto, Klaus Mann und Gustaf Gründgens, Rowohlt Verlag, Hamburg 1986 Sabine Colberg, ?Der Mephisto ? accrue, in: Jura HH ? Magazin der juristischen Fakultät Hamburg, 2/2002 Kai Petersen, ?Gustaf Gründgens ? Der Schauspieler und die Macht, Quadriga Verlag (Berlin), 1999 Rolf Schneider, ?Unangepa�t, in: Berliner Morgenpost, 21. Mai 1999 Kindlers Literaturlexikon, Kindler Verlag AG, Zürich 1965, Band V Paul Hühnerfeld, ?Das Phänomen der Familie Mann. Gedanken anlässlich zweier neuer Bücher von Klaus und Monika Mann, in: Die Zeit, 25. August 1956 S. Broichhagen, ?Urteil des BVG zu Klaus Manns Mephisto, auf: www.jurisprudentia.de www.zum.de - Zentrale für Unterrichtsmat erialien www.dbs.schule.de - Der Deutsche Bildungsserver www.zs-augsburg.de - Zentralstelle für calculator und Unterricht www.b-o.de - Bildung online! Bildungserver der Verlage Cornelsen, Klett, Schroedel und Westermann www.zil.uni-giessen.de - Zentrum für interdisziplinäre Lernaufgaben If you want to get a full essay, parade it on our website: OrderCustomPaper.com

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