Energy Conversion Energy Transfer Assignment

Energy Conversion Energy Transfer AssignmentThe technical specification for a transformer may be found by examining its name plate.All transformers on the distribution and transmission network have a name plate. This plate has serviceable information about the transformer, e.g. how it is cooled, its KVA rating, the year it was mad and its LV HV arrangement. The information is stamped or etched on so it is permanent. 1 fancy 1 SSE GMT DorsetKVA This is the transformers homely power rating.Volts This is the Primary and Secondary voltages values of the transformerAmperes This is the Max electric current rating for the transformerPhases The amount of phases on the HV and LV sidesDiagram DWG No Transformer schematic refereeerence flakeMakers Serial No This is the serial number from the transformers manufacturePolyphase KVA Type of cooling The way the transformer is cooledFrequency Number of cycles per second in an alternating currentImpedance A ratio of the transformers n ormal full load current to the current available under short circuit conditionsVector group ref indicates the windings configurations and the difference in phase angle between themCore and windings This is the weight of the core and windingsWeight of oil This is the oil weightTotal weight this is the feature weight of the oil, core and windingsOil This is the amount of oil in the transformerYear of manufacture This is the year the transformer was madeOwners No This is where the owner of the transformer can label on that point assetWith electrical machines it is very often the temperature rise permitted in the windings and insulation that determines the output, this applies particularly to transformers.Transformers are identified according to the cooling medium employed and its circulation method. The designated garner are assigned.Medium/MethodSymbolCooling MediumMineral OilGasWaterAirSynthetic Insulating LiquidOGWALCirculation MethodNaturalForcedForced DirectedNFDThe iden tification code utilize consists of 4 garners giving details of the cooling medium and circulation method for both primary and secondary cooling system.1st letter Method2nd letter Circulation3rd letter Medium4th letter CirculationCooling medium in contact with windingCooling medium in contact with out-of-door cooling system2. The following items are associated with power transformers.Conservator tankThe oil conservator is a single protecting device made of carpenters plane steel, resistant or not to vacuum. It iscylindrical and has two fixing brackets. Usually, it is placed on a structure fixed on the transformer,above the cover level. In each side of the conservator there is one hole allowing its eventual washing during the exploitation. This hole is closed by means of a plate, which can wee (depending on the needs) an oil level magnetic indicator.The conservator has several holes to which are connected the corresponding piping. Each one ofthese piping has its specific act ivity (connection to the personal credit line breather, to the transformer cover,sampling, etc.). If the transformer is equipped with on-load tap changer, the conservator is divided by a septum. The larger compartment feeds the tank of the transformer and the smaller one feeds the on-load tap changer-breaking chamber. 3Buchholz relayEvery type of defect which occurs in oil filed transformer gives rise to the generation of gas which may be slow in the eccentric of minor breakouts or violent in the case of major faults. The Buchholz relay is inserted in the pipe connection between the transformer tank and conservator. The Buchholz relay comprises of a cast iron housing which contains 2 elements. A quicksilver float switch which detects a turn over in oil level and a combined deflector plate and float switch mounted so that it get out detect any rapid movement of oil from the transformer to the conservator.The slow production of gas due to a minor fault causes a stream of bubble s to go game into the Buchholz chamber, resulting in a slow displacement of the oil and lowering the upper float which when sufficient will generate a Buchholz Alarm.A serious fault will produce an explosive generation of gas which rapidly displaces the oil and causes a surge to pass along the pipe towards the conservator and in doing so displaces the deflection plate, operating the lower switch which produces a Buchholz Trip which causes the transformer circuit breaker to trip.A leakage of oil from the transformer tank causes a gradual fall in the level of oil which when sufficient will be seen by the Buchholz Alarm float switch.The relay is also fitted with a petcock which can be used to take oil samples for analysis of the fault.Image 3, SSE S/S Paisley Road, Southbourne, Buchholz relayNeutral Earthing Resistor (NER)Neutral earthing resistors are a type of protection device, protecting equipment when there is a fault on the network. They work by restricting the amount of voltage and current that flows through the torpid point of the transformer its connected to, to a level that is safe preventing any damage. Neutral earthing resistors are generally connected between ground and neutral of the transformer. 2Image 4, SSE S/S Paisley Road, Southbourne, NREImage 5, NER Diagram 23. Circulating currents can sometimes occur in a power transformer, explain why this happens and whether it is a good thing for power transmission and distribution networks.4References2 https//www.captech.com.au/solution/neutral-earthing-resistor/3 Table from SSE Document Library Ref TG-PS-445 33kV transformers4 http//www.gozuk.com/blog/circulating-current-in-parallel-transformers-585733.html